Significance of Bacteria in Marine Waters for the Distribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants

Broman, Dag; Näf, Carina; Axelman, Johan; Bandh, Cecilia; Pettersen, Harald; Johnstone, Ron; Wallberg, Petra

doi:10.1021/es9504505

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several laboratory and field studies have reported BAFs (organic carbon normalized) higher than KOW (45,47,48), indicating greater partitioning of PCBs into organic carbon than octanol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation Factors for PCBs Revisited

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et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in Barents Sea and White Sea marine calanoid copepods were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than BAFs in the same species in Canadian and Alaskan Arctic Ocean areas, and in freshwater plankton (Lake Ontario) reported from the mid-to early 1980s. The present study reviews variability in PCB BAFs from the North American Great Lakes and the Arctic Ocean, and discusses possible explanations for the large variation among different studies. BAFs are higher in recent arctic marine and Great Lakes studies than previously reported, and they are at least 10 times higher than those predicted from the octanol-water partition coefficient (K OW ). If the recent high BAFs are realistic, it means that earlier reported BAFs are too low. This is likely due to earlier erroneously high quantification of water PCB concentrations, and it implies that bioaccumulation in zooplankton is more efficient than previously assumed. Evidence is presented supporting that also trophic transfer and biomagnification of PCBs in zooplankton leads to BAFs well above those predicted by simple equilibrium partitioning. Overall, miss-measurement of water PCB concentrations and biomagnification contribute significantly to variability in BAFs for PCBs within and among studies. This large variability of BAFs for PCBs in zooplankton illustrated in the present study is of importance for future assessments of potential new bioaccumulative chemicals that rely on measured BAFs, such as the European Union Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals program (REACH).

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“…Several laboratory and field studies have reported BAFs (organic carbon normalized) higher than KOW (45,47,48), indicating greater partitioning of PCBs into organic carbon than octanol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation Factors for PCBs Revisited

Borgå

Fisk

Hargrave

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Numerous studies have focused on the fate and transport of these chemicals (Moon et al 2003, Palm et al 2004 and application of remedial technologies to manage those (Iturbe et al 2004, Chaudhry et al 2005, Trably & Patureau 2006. Due to the different intrinsic physicochemical properties of individual PAHs, such as solubility, vapor pressure and lipophilicity, they tend to interact to different extents with sediments, SPM, and biota (Broman et al 1996 1997, Zhou & Maskaoui 2003), and are subject to various transformation processes including chemical transformation, biodegradation and photochemical degradation. The partitioning of PAHs between sediment and water at equilibrium has been widely considered as a partitioning process (Karickhoff et al 1979, Means et al 1980, where dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) have also been suggested to play an important role in controlling the fate of the hydrophobic compounds in aquatic systems (Mitra & Dickhut 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning characteristics of PAHs between sediment and water in a shallow lake

2007

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tory conditions, suggesting that the measured pore water PAH concentrations were lower than those predicted. That is to say, not all the sediment PAHs can be available to partition rapidly into sediment pore waters. A variation in soot content is a possible reason. Furthermore, concentrations of PAHs on SPM were higher than those in sediments. The compositions of PAHs on SPM and in sediments were similar, indicating the importance of re-suspension process of sediments in the partitioning process of the shallow lake. Conclusions. The results indicated the equilibrium partitioning model could be used to predict PAHs distribution in various phases of a shallow lake in the stagnation period, but re-suspension processes should be considered to modify the relationship between log K oc s and log K ow s. Recommendations and Perspectives. Concentration, particle size and composition of resuspended particles could affect the relationship between log K oc s and log K ow s. Further work should be done under field conditions, especially where a steady thermodynamic equilibrium state could be assumed.Keywords: Aquatic ecosystems; China; freshwater lake; K ow ; PAHs; partitioning; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; shallow lake; SPM; surface sediments; suspended particulate matter; Taihu Lake; water quality AbstractGoal, Scope and Background. Distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants in abiotic compartments is essential for describing their transfer and fate in aquatic ecosystems. Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Water quality of Taihu Lake has deteriorated greatly during the last decades and has threatened the water supply. The aim of the present study was to investigate the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among overlying water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediments, and pore water in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake and to provide useful information for the ecological engineering in this area. Materials and Methods. Overlying water and surface sediment were sampled from six sites in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Within 72 h of sampling, sediments were centrifuged to obtain the pore water. Overlying water samples were filtered to separate dissolved and SPM samples. After extraction, samples were purified following a clean-up procedure. PAH fraction was obtained by elution with a mixture of hexane: DCM (7:3, V/V) and analyzed by GC/MS. Results. PAHs concentrations in overlying water varied from 37.5 ng/L to 183.5 ng/L. Concentrations of PAHs in pore water were higher than those in overlying water. The total concentrations of 16 priority PAHs in sediments ranged from 2091.8 ng/ g-dw to 4094.4 ng/g-dw. PAHs concentrations on SPM were decreased with suspended solid concentrations (SSC). Total PAHs concentrations on SPM varied in the range of 3369.6 ng/g-dw to 7531.1 ng/g-dw. The partition coefficients between sediment and overlying water (log K oc ) for PAHs with log K ow <5 were positively correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficients (log K ow ) (n=39, r=0....

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“…There are indications that the Bothnian Bay is dominated by bacterial production that may play an important role in the accumulation of dioxins and affect their levels up to fish (Broman et al 1996, Wallberg et al 1997. The latter authors pointed out that in present risk assessments such pathways are not considered, likely leading to underestimated contamination at higher trophic levels.…”

Section: Sorption and Desorption On Particles And Dissolved Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks and Management of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Baltic Sea Fish: An Integrated Assessment

2006

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Significance of Bacteria in Marine Waters for the Distribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Bioaccumulation Factors for PCBs Revisited

Bioaccumulation Factors for PCBs Revisited

Partitioning characteristics of PAHs between sediment and water in a shallow lake

Risks and Management of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Baltic Sea Fish: An Integrated Assessment

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