Significance of Clostridium spiroforme in the enteritis-complex of commercial rabbits

Abstract

Commercial rabbits showing clinical signs of enteritis-complex were examined for the presence of Clostridium spiroforme and its iota-like toxin. The bacterium was detected by Gram stain in 52.4% of 149 cecal samples and iota-like toxin in 7.4%. From 29 strains of C. spiroforme tested, 26 were toxigenic, originating from 24 of 29 rabbitries. In 13.4% of the samples, C. spiroforme was present as the only known disease agent. Gross and microscopic lesions were similar to those described in the literature. In the other samples, C. spiroforme was associated with attaching effacing Escherichia coli (29.5%), Bacillus piliformis (10.3%), rotaviruses (25.6%), coronavirus (2.6%), Eimeria spp. (44.9%) and cryptosporidia (6.4%). In 33.3% of C. spiroforme-containing samples, more than one of these agents was present. There was no significant difference between the presence of these organisms in C. spiroforme-positive and negative samples. On the basis of these results as well as that of previous data, we suggest that C. spiroforme-mediated diarrhea is favoured by maldigestion, initiated by infectious agents and/or nutritional factors.

The Comparative Pathology ofClostridium difficile-associated Disease

“…110,113 Peracute death, without clinical signs of disease, is a common feature of CDAD in rabbits. 24,113 Rabbits are an adequate experimental model, but like rats, are most often used in experiments requiring surgery, particularly the ligation of intestinal loops.…”

Epizootic rabbit enteropathy - Current data and control

“…Απομονώνονται επίσης κλωστηριδια, όπως Clostrìdium spiroforme (μέχρι και 26% το 2005) Agnoletti, 2006) C. perfrigens (Carman and Borriello, 1984, Carman and Evans, 1984, Peeters et al, 1986, Carman and Wilkins, 1991, Normand et al, 2003, Agnoletti, 2006. Τα βακτήρια Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterìtitis, S. typhimurìum και Klebsiella pneumoniae διαφέρουν ως προς τη συχνότητα και την περιοχή (Pisoni 2003).…”

“…Τα βακτήρια Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterìtitis, S. typhimurìum και Klebsiella pneumoniae διαφέρουν ως προς τη συχνότητα και την περιοχή (Pisoni 2003). Κάποιοι ερευ νητές αναφέρουν κυρίως τα κλωστηριδια ως το κυριό τερο παθογόνο (Carman and Borriello, 1984, Carman and Evans, 1984, Peeters et al, 1986, Carman and Wilkins, 1991, Hermans et al, 2002, Agnoletti, 2006 και μάλιστα πειραματίζονται για τη δημιουργία αυτεμβολίου (Hermans et al, 2002). Αλλοι πάλι ερευνητές θεωρούν τους σταφυλόκοκκους ως τα βακτήρια που επικρατούν στην ΕΕΚ (Lebas et al, 2002).…”

“…(Carman and Borriello, 1984, Carman and Evans, 1984, Peeters et al, 1986, Carman and Wilkins, 1991, Agnioletti, 2006. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η βακιτρακινη χορη γήθηκε μέσω της τροφής και εξετάστηκε η αποτελε σματικότητα της σε κουνέλια που είχαν προσβληθεί από την ΕΕΚ (Richard et al, 2000.…”

Evaluation of available diagnostic methods for Clostridium piliforme in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

“…1,2,17 Many commercial vendors and institutions include C. piliforme in their list of organisms to exclude for a colony. Colonies are routinely screened for evidence of infection by serology using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or other methods.…”