SummaryIn a prospective study of 1,460 virtually consecutive neonates 14 (1%) were found to have bacteriuria, established by bladder puncture. Eleven were boys and three girls. Five of the infants with bacteriuria had symptoms suggestive of infection and were treated with antibiotics. The remaining nine were asymptomatic and remained so during a period of observation-five cleared their urine of bacteria without treatment, and four received antibiotics. Only one infant with bacteriuria had bacteraemia. Six infants had more than 10 white blood cells per mm3 in the bladder puncture urine and three had proteinuria. The blood urea was slightly raised in only two of the infants. The intravenous pyelogram was normal in all infants with bacteriuria but eight had slight or moderate vesicoureteric reflux when examined by micturating cystourethrography.
IntroductionThe incidence of neonatal urinary infection varies in the experience of different authors. O'Brien et al. (1968) found an incidence of 01% in 1,000 newborns, Littlewood et al. (1969) an incidence of 1-4% in 600 consecutive births, and O'Doherty (1968) an incidence of 108% in 830 infants. These authors found that the majority of infants with urinary infection had only a mild illness. Most earlier retrospective studies, however, indicated that many infants with urinary infection were severely ill and often jaundiced. The jaundice was frequently associated with positive blood cultures (Bernstein and Brown, 1962;Hamilton and Sass-Kortsak, 1963).Since 1966 the extensive use of bladder puncture in the diagnosis of urinary infection in infants presenting to the department of paediatrics in Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, led to an increased interest in and awareness of this problem. It was therefore decided to carry out a prospective study in order to establish the incidence of neonatal urinary