Significance of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang, GuoYun; Luo, GaiXiang; Zhao, MeiJing; Miao, HuiLai

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1056379

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 124 publications

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“…The functional status of immune cells in the TME is a key factor that affects their ability to induce an immune response and is a critical link in tumor development. In recent years, intensive studies on exosome functions have revealed that HCC-derived exosomes can reshape the TME through multiple mechanisms, enabling HCC cells to evade immune surveillance and ultimately promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis ( 24 ). As a component of the TME, exosomes can regulate the polarization and function of immune cells, transforming the immune response from a tumor suppressive to a pro-tumor phenotype ( 25 , 26 ), ultimately promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis.…”

Section: Exosome Discovery and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

Xu,

Lin,

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and is associated with a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC comprises immune, immunosuppressive, and interstitial cells with hypoxic, angiogenic, metabolic reprogramming, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive features. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that secrete biologically active signaling molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), microribonucleic acid (miRNA), proteins, and lipids. These signaling molecules act as messengers in the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Exosomal circRNAs reshape the tumor microenvironment by prompting hypoxic stress response, stimulating angiogenesis, contributing to metabolic reprogramming, facilitating inflammatory changes in the HCC cells and inducing tumor immunosuppression. The exosomes secreted by HCC cells carry circRNA into immune cells, which intervene in the activation of immune cells and promote the overexpression of immune checkpoints to regulate immune response, leading tumor cells to acquire immunosuppressive properties. Furthermore, immunosuppression is the final result of a combination of TME-related factors, including hypoxia, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation changes. In conclusion, exosomal circRNA accelerates the tumor progression by adjusting the phenotype of the tumor microenvironment and ultimately forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. HCC-derived exosomal circRNA can affect HCC cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and induction of chemoresistance. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the composition and function of these exosomes, the role that HCC-derived exosomal circRNAs play in microenvironment formation, and the interactions between exosomes and immune cells. This review outlines the role of exosomal circRNAs in the malignant phenotype of HCC and provides a preliminary exploration of the clinical utility of exosomal circRNAs.

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Section: Exosome Discovery and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

Xu,

Lin,

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Extracellular Vesicles, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Fekry,

Ugartemendia,

Esnaola

et al. 2024

Cancers

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This review comprehensively explores the complex interplay between extracellular vesicles (ECVs)/exosomes and circadian rhythms, with a focus on the role of this interaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA/DNA species. ECVs are implicated in a range of diseases, where they play crucial roles in signaling between cells and their surrounding environment. In the setting of cancer, ECVs are known to influence cancer initiation and progression. The scope of this review extends to all cancer types, synthesizing existing knowledge on the various roles of ECVs. A unique aspect of this review is the emphasis on the circadian-controlled release and composition of exosomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring metastasis. We also discuss how circadian rhythms affect multiple cancer-related pathways, proposing that disruptions in the circadian clock can alter tumor development and treatment response. Additionally, this review delves into the influence of circadian clock components on ECV biogenesis and their impact on reshaping the tumor microenvironment, a key component driving HCC progression. Finally, we address the potential clinical applications of ECVs, particularly their use as diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles, while considering the challenges associated with clinical implementation.

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Significance of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 2 publications

References 124 publications

An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

Extracellular Vesicles, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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