Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients

Sherwani, Shariq I.; Khan, Haseeb A.; Ekhzaimy, Aishah; Masood, Afshan; Sakharkar, Meena Kishore

doi:10.4137/bmi.s38440

Cited by 942 publications

(726 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…First of all, due to the short-term supplementation (six weeks) we were not able to assess changes in HbA1c levels after the whole life span of erythrocytes (which is about 120 days). HbA1c levels reflect the cumulative history of glycemic control in the past two to three months [48]. After this period the measurement of HbA1c levels is most indicative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Homeostasis and the Expression of Genes Related to Glucose Metabolism

et al. 2016

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on the expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism in humans, in order to explain the unclear relationship between selenium and the risk of diabetes. For gene expression analysis we used archival samples of cDNA from 76 non-diabetic subjects supplemented with selenium in the previous study. The supplementation period was six weeks and the daily dose of selenium was 200 µg (as selenium yeast). Blood for mRNA isolation was collected at four time points: before supplementation, after two and four weeks of supplementation, and after four weeks of washout. The analysis included 15 genes encoding selected proteins involved in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. In addition, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose were measured at three and four time points, respectively. Selenium supplementation was associated with a significantly decreased level of HbA1c but not fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and significant down-regulation of seven genes: INSR, ADIPOR1, LDHA, PDHA, PDHB, MYC, and HIF1AN. These results suggest that selenium may affect glycemic control at different levels of regulation, linked to insulin signaling, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms of such transcriptional regulation and its potential implication in direct metabolic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Homeostasis and the Expression of Genes Related to Glucose Metabolism

et al. 2016

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“…The HbA1c levels were measured by a trained and calibrated investigator ( Kappa 0.91) masked to the study groups. Individuals with HbA1c levels of ≤5.6% and >5.6% were considered normoglycemic and hyperglycemic, respectively . The body weight index (BWI) of individuals in all groups was also calculated according to the definition proposed by the World Health Organization …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of advanced glycation end products in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type‐2 diabetes mellitus

Akram

Alqahtani

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Background It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (type‐2 DM) than controls (systemically healthy individuals without CP. The aim was to assess the levels of AGEs in the GCF of CP patients with and without type‐2 DM. Methods Participants were divided into three groups as follows. Group‐1: Patients with type‐2 DM and CP; group‐2: Non‐diabetic individuals with CP; group‐3: Non‐diabetic individuals without periodontal diseases. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Full‐mouth plaque‐index (PI), bleeding‐on‐probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and marginal‐bone‐loss (MBL) were assessed. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. The GCF was collected and levels of AGEs were assessed using standard techniques. Group comparisons were performed and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Ninety‐four individuals (32, 31, and 31 individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were included. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in group‐1 than groups 2 (P <0.05) and 3 (P <0.05). The mean age of individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 55.2, 51.5, and 50.7 years, respectively. The mean duration of type‐2 DM among individuals in group‐1 was 8.2 years (7 to 10 years). Levels of AGEs were detected in all the patients. The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group‐1 (521.9 pg/mL [428.5 to 569.3 pg/mL]) (P <0.01) than groups 2 (234.84 pg/mL [216.8 to 318.9 pg/mL]) and 3 (87.2 pg/mL [75.2 to 97.8 pg/mL]). The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group‐2 (P <0.01) than group‐3 (P <0.01). Conclusion The GCF levels of AGEs are higher in CP patients with type‐2 DM compared to systemically healthy individuals with and without periodontal diseases.

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“…The free amino group of hemoglobin (Hb) reacted with glucose is a non-enzymatic reaction that produces HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) [38]. The decrease in Hb and increase in HbA1c is directly proportional to the blood glucose levels [39]. Decrease in HbA1c levels might be due to improved glycemic control produced by marine macroalgae extracts ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%