Significance of High HDL Cholesterol Levels in Japanese Men with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Objective The objective was to clarify the significance of high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The evaluation focused on insulin resistance as an indicator of early-stage MetS. Methods and Subjects Of 2705 men who first underwent an annual health check-up at Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 2129 men were included in this study, after exclusion of those on medication for hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia, and those with a prior history of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or chronic renal failure. MetS risk factors include the following five parameters: waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma glucose, triglycerides and HDL-C. The correlations between HDL-C and number of MetS risks with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed. HOMA-IR, number of risks, habits of smoking, exercise and drinking alcohol, stratified by HDL-C levels, were compared in MetS subjects. Results In cases with !2 risk factors, the higher the HDL-C, the lower the HOMA-IR. However, with "3 risk factors for MetS, the HOMA-IR increased when HDL-C was "90 mg/dL. In MetS subjects, the rate of alcohol intake "75 g/day was high when HDL-C was "90 mg/dL. Conclusion In MetS subjects with high HDL-C levels, insulin resistance was increased. Therefore, in persons with high HDL-C levels, it is important to monitor the amount of alcohol consumption and reduce alcohol consumption to <75 g/day.

Efficacy of a programme for workers with metabolic syndrome based on an e-health system in the workplace: a pilot study

“…In the low-risk group, most clinical indicators except HDL cholesterol and fasting glucose were significantly improved. This is consistent with the results of studies of patients with type 2 diabetes 9,10,17 in which HbA 1C levels improved. Also, other studies targeting hypertension and obesity reported significant results regarding lipid profiles.…”

“…An improvement in HDL was not consistent with results from this study. The previous study 18 emphasized lifestyle, especially smoking, exercise and alcohol consumption, as major contributors to increased HDL among 2129 men with metabolic syndrome. However, our education group sessions included general topics such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes management.…”

Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Low-Density Lipoprotein Stratified by Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

“…This raises the possibility of intervention not only for subjects with high LDL-C and MDA-LDL levels who have already developed CAD but also for those with low LDL-C and high MDA-LDL levels who show no signs of atherosclerosis. Low HDL-C level is associated with the following characteristics: being overweight or obese [27][28][29], smoking [28,30], and weight loss [27]. Smoking cession [31] and regular aerobic exercise increases HDL-C levels [28,29,32,33].…”

“…Low HDL-C level is associated with the following characteristics: being overweight or obese [27][28][29], smoking [28,30], and weight loss [27]. Smoking cession [31] and regular aerobic exercise increases HDL-C levels [28,29,32,33]. Besides reversing cholesterol transport, the antioxidant properties of HDL may also play a major role in protection against the development of atherosclerosis [34].…”

HDL cholesterol subclasses are associated with serum uric acid in Japanese men

“…These particles can be separated into two main subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3, based on their density after ultracentrifugation 7) , and both have been reported to exhibit inverse associations with the incidence of CVD 8) . We previously demonstrated the importance of analyzing levels of HDL-C subclasses, as well as overall HDL-C, when evaluating an individual's lifestyle habits [9][10][11] , insulin resistance, and MetS 12) . HDL2-C levels are associated with alcohol consumption, waist circumference (WC), smoking, and exercise.…”