Significance of microbial urea turnover in N cycling of three Danish agricultural soils

Nielsen, T Harder

doi:10.1016/s0168-6496(97)00091-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Urea breakdown is a rapid process mediated by environmental and cell-associated urease enzymes. Turnover times for the entire urea pool to ammonium has been observed on a scale of hours and as quickly as 9-30 min in agricultural soils (Nielsen, Bonde, & Sørensen, 1998). Urease inhibitors present in fertilizer have only been found to last up to 2 wk (Dawar, Zaman, Rowarth, Blennerhassett, & Turnbull, 2010;Gioacchini et al, 2002;International Plant Nutrition Institute, 2010;Upadhyay, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and temporal factors leading to urea‐nitrogen accumulation in surface waters of agricultural drainage ditches

et al. 2020

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Urea‐nitrogen (N) is commonly applied to crop fields, yet it is not routinely monitored despite its association with reduced water quality and its ability to increase toxicity of certain phytoplankton species. The purpose of this work was to characterize temporal fluctuations in urea‐N concentrations and associated environmental conditions to infer sources of urea‐N in agricultural drainage ditches. Physicochemical properties and N forms in ditch waters were measured weekly during the growing seasons of 2015–2018. Fertilizer application was only associated with spring peaks of urea‐N concentrations in ditches next to cornfields, whereas summer peaks in ditches adjacent to corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields were not associated with fertilizer applications. Environmental conditions of warmer temperatures, lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, and lower redox potentials were correlated with higher urea‐N concentrations. In 2018, peaks of urea‐N and ammonium‐N during the summer co‐occurred with peaks of dissolved organic N and total dissolved N, suggesting they might be associated with the breakdown of organic matter and with the turnover of the organic N pool. Although the highest urea‐N concentrations occurred when ditch surface waters were hydrologically disconnected from nearby streams, heavy rainfalls can potentially flush accumulated urea‐N into coastal waters, where it may affect algal bloom toxicity. Therefore, implementation of available drainage ditch management practices is recommended, but these strategies need to be optimized for targeting periods with high rainfall that coincide with fertilizer additions as well as for periods with low rainfall that promote stagnant water conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and temporal factors leading to urea‐nitrogen accumulation in surface waters of agricultural drainage ditches

et al. 2020

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“…Almost all ureases are cytoplasmic and can constitute up to 1% of the cell dry weight in S. pasteurii [113]. However, ureases can also catalyze ureolysis extracellularly, and it has been reported that soil matrix-bound ureases can represent significant players of ureolysis [116].…”

Section: Ureolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity of molecular mechanisms of carbonate biomineralization by bacteria

et al. 2020

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Although biomineralization of CaCO3 is widespread in Bacteria and Archaea, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain less known than those used by Eukaryotes. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for a broad diversity of studies including those (i) aiming at assessing the role of bacteria in the geochemical cycles of Ca and C, (ii) investigating the process of fossilization, and (iii) engineering applications using bacterially mediated CaCO3 mineralization. Different types of bacterially-mediated mineralization modes have been distinguished depending on whether they are influenced (by extracellular organic molecules), induced (by metabolic activity) or controlled (by specific genes). In the first two types, mineralization is usually extracellular, while it is intracellular for the two ascertained cases of controlled bacterial mineralization. In this review, we list a large number of cases illustrating the three different modes of bacterially-mediated CaCO3 mineralization. Overall, this shows the broad diversity of metabolic pathways, organic molecules and thereby microorganisms that can biomineralize CaCO3. Providing an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved and a good knowledge of the molecular drivers of carbonatogenesis, the increasing number of (meta)-omics studies may help in the future to estimate the significance of bacterially mediated CaCO3 mineralization.

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“…Besides the environmental issue, NH3 volatilization is an economic loss because less N remains available for plants, leading to a reduction in yields. The control of urease activity in the soil may be a technique to increase the plant-available N content (Rawluk et al, 2001), because plants can take up urea molecules (Mérigout et al, 2008) and synthesize urease for intracellular N mineralization and organization into amino acids, and generally outcompete microorganisms in the uptake of urea from the soil urea stable pool (Harder Nielsen et al, 1998). Urea with urease inhibitors can be used as side-dress fertilization to decrease urea-derived NH3 formation on the soil surface and foster urea movement to deeper soil layer through water infiltration.…”

Section: Urease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart fertilizers: What should we mean and where should we go?

Raimondi

Maucieri

Toffanin

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Agronomy

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Highlights- A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release.- Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level.- Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials.- Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants.- Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’.

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Significance of microbial urea turnover in N cycling of three Danish agricultural soils

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal and temporal factors leading to urea‐nitrogen accumulation in surface waters of agricultural drainage ditches

Seasonal and temporal factors leading to urea‐nitrogen accumulation in surface waters of agricultural drainage ditches

The diversity of molecular mechanisms of carbonate biomineralization by bacteria

Smart fertilizers: What should we mean and where should we go?

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