Significance of Microhaematuria in Young Adults

Abstract

The medical records of 1000 asymptomatic male air force personnel were examined retrospectively for the results of 15yearly-examinations of urinary sediment. The study covered the, period 1968-82, beginning with the subjects aged 18-33 years. The cumulative incidence of two to four or more red blood celis per high power field found at one or more examinations was 38-7% after an average of 12-2 yearly examinations per person. In 161 subjects two to four or more red blood cells per high power field were found at two or more yearly examinations within a five year period.Intravenous pyelography in 58 cases disclosed asymptomatic nephrolithiasis in six. Cystoscopy performed in 11 cases identified one patient with urethritis, one with a vesical calculus, and one with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Two years before diagnosis the patient with carcinoma had had a single transient finding of 10-12 red blood cells per high power field which was not investigated further. Cystoscopy was performed after an episode of macroscopic haematuria. Renal biopsy in one subject with recurrent microhaematuria and trace proteliirla disclo*ed focgl glomerilonephritis. None of the remaining subjects with microhaematuria developed hypertension or proteinuria, and at the end of the study period all were active and free of urinary symptoms.The observed cumulative incidence of urological neoplasms at 15 years (0 1 %) was consistent with that expected in Israeli men aged 18-40 (009%). Hence microhaematuria detected during a screening examination probably should not be regarded as a specific sign of a significant lesion and does not of itself warrant urological investigation in adults aged 40 or less.

Non-visible versus visible haematuria and bladder cancer risk: a study of electronic records in primary care

“…11,12 A screening study of annual urinalysis in 1000 healthy Israeli military male recruits, aged 18-33 years at the beginning of the 15-year study, reported 39% with dipstick-positive urinalysis for haematuria at least once and 16% on two or more occasions. 13 Visible haematuria is accepted as an important pointer to urinary tract cancer (with bladder cancer being the most common), warranting urgent urological investigation, usually by ultrasound and cystoscopy. UK referral guidelines published in 2005 by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, now the…”

A causal probabilistic network for optimal treatment of bacterial infections

“…The percentage of leukocyturia (Leukocyturi) and hematuria (Hematuria) in patients with UTI (the presence of white and red blood cells in the urine) was similar in our databases and in the literature [48], [59], [60]. To complete the tables, the percentage of each urinary symptom, leukocyturia, and hematuria in the general population (without urinary infections) was abstracted from the literature [56], [59], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68].…”

Editorial Comment

“…1,3,4 Such variation, however, seems to depend on diagnostic methods and definition of diagnosis because the previous studies had defined the disease by radiographic technique. If calyceal microlithiasis had been added in these series, the occurrence might have been higher.…”

“…It is not uncommon that renal calculi are incidentally found in patients with asymptomatic hematuria; the incidence has been reported to be 4.7-10.3%. 1,3,4 Urolithiasis is a relatively common clinical condition with a prevalence of 2-3% in industrialized countries. [5][6][7] Ten percent of the population will have urolithiasis during their lifetime 5 and, of the symptomatic calculi, 70% will pass spontaneously while 30% will require intervention.…”