Significance of minor-vein anatomy to carbohydrate transport

Flora, Linda L.; Madore, Monica A.

doi:10.1007/bf00206241

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The molar Suc-to-volemitol ratio in the phloem sap of polyanthus was about 2.5, which is similar to the Suc-tomannitol ratio in parsley phloem (Flora and Madore, 1996), but higher than the Suc-to-mannitol ratios reported for celery phloem (about 0.5; Daie, 1987). In the woody Rosaceae species peach, the molar Suc-to-alditol ratio in the phloem is even more in favor of the alditol sorbitol with values up to 0.25 (Moing et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Metabolism ofd-Glycero-d-Manno-Heptitol, Volemitol, in Polyanthus. Discovery of a Novel Ketose Reductase1

1999

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Volemitol (D-glycero-D-manno-heptitol, ␣-sedoheptitol)is an unusual seven-carbon sugar alcohol that fulfills several important physiological functions in certain species of the genus Primula. Using the horticultural hybrid polyanthus (Primula ؋ polyantha) as our model plant, we found that volemitol is the major nonstructural carbohydrate in leaves of all stages of development, with concentrations of up to 50 mg/g fresh weight in source leaves (about 25% of the dry weight), followed by sedoheptulose (D-altro-2-heptulose, 36 mg/g fresh weight), and sucrose (4 mg/g fresh weight). Volemitol was shown by the ethylenediaminetetraacetate-exudation technique to be a prominent phloem-mobile carbohydrate. It accounted for about 24% (mol/mol) of the phloem sap carbohydrates, surpassed only by sucrose (63%). Preliminary 14 CO 2 pulse-chase radiolabeling experiments showed that volemitol was a major photosynthetic product, preceded by the structurally related ketose sedoheptulose. Finally, we present evidence for a novel NADPHdependent ketose reductase, tentatively called sedoheptulose reductase, in volemitol-containing Primula species, and propose it as responsible for the biosynthesis of volemitol in planta. Using enzyme extracts from polyanthus leaves, we determined that sedoheptulose reductase has a pH optimum between 7.0 and 8.0, a very high substrate specificity, and displays saturable concentration dependence for both sedoheptulose (apparent K m ‫؍‬ 21 mM) and NADPH (apparent K m ‫؍‬ 0.4 mM). Our results suggest that volemitol is important in certain Primula species as a photosynthetic product, phloem translocate, and storage carbohydrate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Although expected because hexitols such as mannitol (Davis and Loescher, 1990;Flora and Madore, 1993;Flora and Madore, 1996) and sorbitol (Moing et al, 1992(Moing et al, , 1997 have been shown to be important phloem-mobile carbohydrates, no heptitols have actually been demonstrated to play the same role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism ofd-Glycero-d-Manno-Heptitol, Volemitol, in Polyanthus. Discovery of a Novel Ketose Reductase1

1999

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“…Flora and Madore, 1996;van Bel and Hess, 2008). In V. faba, phloem sap contains sucrose as the predominant sugar (87% of the total sugars), but minor amounts of glucose and fructose also occur (McDonald et al, 1995).…”

Section: Preference For the Basic Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant cues for aphid navigation in vascular tissues

Hewer

Will

Bel

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The ability of aphids to detect and find sieve tubes suggests that aphids receive cues for sieve-tube recognition by taking samples. Specific natural conditions such as pH value, sugar species and concentration, viscosity, and oxygen pressure may enable sieve-tube detection. We tested the preference of Megoura viciae and Myzus persicae for potential plant-borne orientation parameters in artificial choice-chamber systems. Both species preferred sucrose (in comparison with fructose, glucose, raffinose or sorbitol) at concentrations of 15–22.5% (over a tested range of 0–22.5%) and at approximately pH 7 (over a tested range of pH 5–8). This preference matches the composition of the sieve-tube sap of their host plants. Likewise, Rhopalosiphum padi (normally found on barley plants with sucrose in the phloem sap) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (normally found on pumpkin plants with raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem sap) showed a significant preference for sucrose. In the absence of sucrose, however, M. euphorbiae strongly preferred raffinose. No clear preference for any carbohydrate was observed for Macrosiphum rosae and Aphis pomi (both normally found on plants with various amounts of sorbitol in the phloem sap). Electrical penetration graph (EPG) measurements of M. persicae feeding on artificial diets confirmed that sieve tubes are recognized solely by a combination of carbohydrate abundance and a neutral to slightly alkaline pH.

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“…The site of phloem loading is the minor venation is dependent on the type of loading involved [39][40][41] …”

Section: Venation Pattern and Venation Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The site of phloem loading is the minor venation is dependent on the type of loading involved [39][40][41] and the mode of carbohydrate transporters is well demonstrated [42] flow of carbohydrates is subsequently transported towards the major veins.…”

Section: Venation Pattern and Venation Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Advances on Leaf and Wood Anatomy of Woody Species of a Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub Forest and its Significance in Taxonomy and Drought Resistance

Hg¹,

Maiti²,

Kumari³

2016

Forest Res

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On the other hand, few studies discuss the role of the anatomical traits in the adaptation of the species to different habitats. In a study Solanum nigrum collected from different habitats in Europe and in Yugoslavia showed variability in terms of stomata number, number of hairs, thickness of lamina, palisade and spongy tissue, as well as the size of mesophyll cells of the species collected from different localities [15]. A similar study on the anatomical basis of resistance on plant species AbstractThe present paper make a synthesis of a comparative leaf anatomy including leaf surface, leaf lamina, petiole and venation as well as wood anatomy of 30 woody species of a Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub, Northeastern Mexico. The results showed a large variability in anatomical traits of both leaf and wood anatomy. The variations of these anatomical traits could be effectively used in taxonomic delimitation of the species and adaptation of the species to xeric environments. For example the absence or low frequency of stomata on leaf surface, the presence of long palisade cells, and presence of narrow xylem vessels in the wood could be related to adaptation of the species to drought. Besides the species with dense venation and petiole with thick collenchyma and sclerenchyma and large vascular bundle could be well adapted to xeric environments. It is suggested that a comprehensive consideration of leaf anatomy (leaf surface, lamina, petiole and venation) and wood anatomy should be used as a basis of taxonomy and drought resistance. of a typical arid Mediterranean ecosystem confirms the presence of several adaptive properties such as the presence of ergastic substances, mainly tannins and calcium oxalate in internal tissue, tolerance to the strong UV-B solar irradiance in the summer, besides the presence of trichomes, on the abaxial surfaces of leaves maintained water budget of the plants. In many species, trichomes or wax layers reduced radiation absorbance, two or three layers of palisade parenchyma presumably provide a better efficiency in utilizing the photosynthetic light. In almost every plant examined, stomata were sunken or well protected [16]. Research Advances on Leaf andA comparative study made in Venezuela on leaf epidermis of an orchid, Cattleya jenmani in vitro conditions demonstrated that compared to normal ones, the epidermal cells showed larger in size, lower anticlinal cell wall, lower size of stomata for adaptation of orchid, the leaves suffered changes in cells with an increase of mechanical resistance and rigidity [17].An ecophysiological study undertaken on two urban forestry species (Azadirachta indica and Millettia thonningii) demonstrated that the pattern of transpiration in M. thonningii was low in the morning, high in the noon and low in the afternoon. Leaf anatomical study revealed the presence of thick cuticle and high stomatal frequency in A. indica and a low stomatal frequency in M. thonningii [18]. Significant inter-cultivar differences among Hibiscus cultivars in leaf anatomical characteristics w...

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Significance of minor-vein anatomy to carbohydrate transport

Cited by 47 publications

References 32 publications

Metabolism ofd-Glycero-d-Manno-Heptitol, Volemitol, in Polyanthus. Discovery of a Novel Ketose Reductase1

Metabolism ofd-Glycero-d-Manno-Heptitol, Volemitol, in Polyanthus. Discovery of a Novel Ketose Reductase1

Plant cues for aphid navigation in vascular tissues

Research Advances on Leaf and Wood Anatomy of Woody Species of a Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub Forest and its Significance in Taxonomy and Drought Resistance

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