Significance of ortho-para hydrogen conversion in the performance of hydrogen liquefaction process

Riaz, Amjad; Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul; Hussain, Arif; Lee, Moonyong

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.022

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The SEC, specific CO 2 emissions, and exergy yield were calculated to be 6.71 kWh/kgLH 2 , 2.641 kgCO 2 /kgLH 2 , and 35.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the application of the LAC recovery process in H 2 liquefaction systems due to the simplicity of the structure has the potential of commercialization in the near future …”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1–2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

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Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicated that the application of the LAC recovery process in H 2 liquefaction systems due to the simplicity of the structure has the potential of commercialization in the near future. 269 …”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Liquefaction Process with Ortho‐Para Conversion and Boil‐Off Gas Recovery

Wen,

Xie,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Chem Eng & Technol

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Hydrogen liquefaction is essential for the efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen. In the liquefaction process, catalytic ortho‐para conversion is crucial to achieve a product with at least 95 % para‐hydrogen to reduce boil‐off losses. The proposed hydrogen liquefaction process using a catalyst‐filled heat exchanger for continuous ortho‐para conversion is modeled through steady‐state thermal simulations in Aspen HYSYS. Additionally, an ejector is integrated to reliquefy boil‐off gas. The proposed design achieves a specific energy consumption (SEC) of 10.50 kWh ()−1 and an exergy efficiency (EXE) of 30.1 %, which is 18 % lower in SEC compared to processes with separate converters. The integrated approach enhances energy utilization and offers references for future hydrogen liquefiers.

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Fuels – Introduction | Hydrogen Global Transport

Jörissen

2025

Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources

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Significance of ortho-para hydrogen conversion in the performance of hydrogen liquefaction process

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Liquefaction Process with Ortho‐Para Conversion and Boil‐Off Gas Recovery

Fuels – Introduction | Hydrogen Global Transport

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