Abstract:The preparation of soil for measurement of properties such as microbial biomass P involves the removal of plant roots. Any soil attached to the roots (root‐attached soil) is also removed. In a very poorly drained silty clay loam under grassland we found that the root‐attached soil contained more than twice the quantity of bicarbonate extractable P than the bulk soil. Discarding this root‐attached soil could potentially result in underestimation of bicarbonate extractable P. We also showed that preferential inc… Show more
“…In addition, oxygation increased the soil microbial abundance and soil enzyme activity 16,43,44 . The decomposition of organic matter in the soil was accelerated and the effectiveness of soil fertility was improved 45 . MNBO applied at different growth stages of maize ensured sufficient nutrient contents throughout the growth period, which promoted the transformation and absorption of nutrients and significantly enhanced the yield and quality of maize.Figure 5Maize root phonograph taken in-situ of different treatments on 100 days after sowing in 2013.…”
Soil oxygen shortages in root areas have negative effects on crop growth and decrease crops yield and quality, and soil hypoxia conditions will be aggravated by application of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of maize to micro/nanobubbles oxygation (MNBO) at three dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mg/L) and seven MNBO periods (vegetative stage, reproductive stage, filling and ripening stage, combination of two stages and the whole growth stage) in addition to a control treatment (CK, no oxygation during the growth period). Our results revealed that the MNBO treatments increased maize root dry weight, root length density and root surface area in 0–20 cm soil. The highest yield was obtained in O20A (MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period), with an increase of 11.66% relative to CK. Crude ash, starch and vitamin C were improved by application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO. However, excessive oxygen adversely affected maize growth, decreasing the maize yield in 2013 relative to CK. The results suggest that application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period of spring maize was appropriate.
“…In addition, oxygation increased the soil microbial abundance and soil enzyme activity 16,43,44 . The decomposition of organic matter in the soil was accelerated and the effectiveness of soil fertility was improved 45 . MNBO applied at different growth stages of maize ensured sufficient nutrient contents throughout the growth period, which promoted the transformation and absorption of nutrients and significantly enhanced the yield and quality of maize.Figure 5Maize root phonograph taken in-situ of different treatments on 100 days after sowing in 2013.…”
Soil oxygen shortages in root areas have negative effects on crop growth and decrease crops yield and quality, and soil hypoxia conditions will be aggravated by application of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of maize to micro/nanobubbles oxygation (MNBO) at three dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mg/L) and seven MNBO periods (vegetative stage, reproductive stage, filling and ripening stage, combination of two stages and the whole growth stage) in addition to a control treatment (CK, no oxygation during the growth period). Our results revealed that the MNBO treatments increased maize root dry weight, root length density and root surface area in 0–20 cm soil. The highest yield was obtained in O20A (MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period), with an increase of 11.66% relative to CK. Crude ash, starch and vitamin C were improved by application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO. However, excessive oxygen adversely affected maize growth, decreasing the maize yield in 2013 relative to CK. The results suggest that application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period of spring maize was appropriate.
“…Although this method was developed and tested originally for neutral to alkaline soils ( Brookes et al, 1982 ; Hedley et al, 1982 ) it has been applied for a wider range of soils ( e.g. , Joergensen et al, 1995 ; Blackwell et al, 2009 ). The impact of the soil-specific P-sorption on the result of this method was alleviated after modifications by Morel et al ( 1996 ) using a shorter fumigation period (2h 15 min) followed by a longer equilibration period (40 h) and correction of measured values using a P sorption curve.…”
Section: Methods For Assessing Soil P Reactionsmentioning
Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
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