Significance of selected inflammatory factors in metabolic disorders in association with psoriasis

Galectin-3 as a Novel Multifaceted and Not Only Cardiovascular Biomarker in Patients with Psoriasis with Regard to Systemic Treatment—Preliminary Data

“…Galectin may be protective but also have negative consequences. As in the case of diabetes, divergent data have stated gal-3 as a protective molecule and others demonstrated its role in progression to diabetes and vascular complications [ 13 , 17 , 37 ].…”

“…At least 15 galectins have been described in mammalians so far and they have been divided into three groups based on their CRD number, structure, and properties [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Galectins, by binding saccharides in glycoconjugates on the cell surface, exert multimodal biological roles, not yet fully known, in the regulation of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, immunity, expression of certain genes, regeneration, apoptosis, and cancer progression [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 17 ]. It is noteworthy that the molecules can act opposite, depending on various conditions, serving as positive or negative modulators of the same processes [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…It has a wide tissue distribution with high expression in epithelial and myeloid cells, but also in these involved in immune response, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, chondrocytes or activated macrophages, and T- and B-cells [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. With reference to the skin, its expression is high in keratinocytes, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands, but also secreted by other resident skin cells such as melanocytes, fibroblasts, and monocytes [ 15 , 17 ]. Depending on the localization of galectin-3—extra- or intracellular—it displays different functions [ 13 ].…”