“…Recently, beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein have been detected in OVC germ cell tumors [88,89]. These proteins have been detected at early stages of the cancer, as well as lysophosphatidic acid, mesothelin, HE4, osteopontin, VEGF, IL-8, M-CSF, different kallikreins [90][91][92], and the Cterminal fragment of the 11S immunoproteasome (Reg-alpha) [1,67]. Most of the above proteins are directly linked to signaling pathways for cytoskeleton remodeling, contractility, junction remodeling, adhesion, invasion, migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis/necrosis, angiogenesis, endothelial permeability, vascular remodeling, metalloprotease activation, and EGFR transactivation (Fig.…”