Significance of Testicular Size Measurement in Andrology: II. Correlation of Testicular Size with Testicular Function

Takihara, Hiroshi; Cosentino, Marco; Sakatoku, J; Cockett, Abraham T.K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44053-5

Cited by 174 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is therefore possible that the results of the meta‐analyses do not reflect the true picture. Each of the fertility measures assessed is also only a surrogate for true fertility, and although some, such as sperm count40 and morphology41, have been correlated with fertility, others, including testicular volume, number of germ cells present on testicular biopsy and testicular histology at the time of operation, have a less certain relationship10 42, 43, 44, 45. It is therefore impossible, from the studies included in this review, to draw any direct correlations between performing orchidopexy before 1 year of age and improved fertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes following orchidopexy for cryptorchidism before or after 1 year of age

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend orchidopexy for cryptorchidism by 12 months of age, yet this is not universally adhered to. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare outcomes between orchidopexies performed before and after 1 year of age.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched (September 2015) using terms relating to cryptorchidism, orchidopexy and the outcomes of interest. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they compared orchidopexy at less than 1 year of age (early) with orchidopexy at 1 year or more of age (delayed) and reported the primary outcome (testicular atrophy) or one of the secondary outcomes (fertility potential, postoperative complication, malignancy). Studies were excluded when more than 50 per cent of infants had intra‐abdominal testes, or the population included infants with disorders of sexual differentiation. Additional studies were identified through reference list searching. Unpublished data were sought from the ORCHESTRA study investigators.ResultsFifteen eligible studies were identified from 1387 titles. There was no difference in atrophy rate between early orchidopexy and delayed orchidopexy (risk ratio 0·64, 95 per cent c.i. 0·25 to 1·66; 912 testes). Testicular volume was greater (mean difference 0·06 (95 per cent c.i. 0·01 to 0·10) ml; 346 testes) and there were more spermatogonia per tubule (mean difference 0·47 (0·31 to 0·64); 382 testes) in infants undergoing early orchidopexy, with no difference in complication rate (risk ratio 0·68, 0·27 to 1·68; 426 testes). No study reported malignancy rate.ConclusionAtrophy and complication rates do not appear different between early and delayed orchidopexy, and fertility potential may be better with early orchidopexy. Imprecision of the available data limits the robustness of these conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes following orchidopexy for cryptorchidism before or after 1 year of age

et al. 2018

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“…Testicular size is determined primarily by the mass of Sertoli cells and seminiferous tubules. The critical volume required for normal testicular function is estimated to be approximately 15 ml (6,7,9). Indeed, each of the four males that Bertelloni et al reported to have decreased testicular size, also had decreased sperm concentration and motility, elevated serum gonadotropins, but normal serum testosterone concentrations (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short boys treated with growth hormone show normal progression of testicular size and achieve normal serum testosterone concentrations

Ankarberg‐Lindgren

Norjavaara

Wikland

2002

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To determine whether there is evidence for impaired testicular function at final height in short boys treated with growth hormone (GH) during their childhood and adolescence. Study design: The analysis was restricted to males who had isolated GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature, and who were included in the Swedish National Registry and the Swedish GH trials. The subjects had to have been treated with GH for at least 4 years; the treatment had to have been started prepubertally, given for at least one year before the onset of puberty and the subjects had to have reached final height. One hundred and eleven boys fulfilled the criteria. Methods: Testicular volumes were determined by orchidometer in each boy when GH treatment was started and at final height. Samples for testosterone measurements were collected from 77 boys at final height, and were measured by RIA. Results: Each subject had normal testicular size (15 ml or more) and for those in whom concentrations were determined, serum testosterone levels and diurnal rhythm were normal. Conclusions: The results of our survey do not show evidence of testicular impairment following GH therapy.

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“…As the seminiferous tubules comprise approximately 90% of the testicular mass, testicular volume is largely a reflection of spermatogenesis [1,2]. Clinical studies in infertile men have also shown that testicular volume strongly correlates with semen profile [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reliability of ultrasonographic measurements for testicular volume assessment: comparison of three common formulas with true testicular volume

Hsieh¹,

Huang²,

Huang³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of ultrasonographic estimates of testicular volume with true testicular volume and to compare the accuracy and precision of the three most commonly utilized formulas. A total of 15 patients underwent high-resolution ultrasonography (US) analysis for testicular volume before orchiectomy. Testicular volume was calculated using three common formulas: (1) All three US formula measurements significantly underestimated the true testicular volume. The largest mean biases were observed with US formula 1, which underestimated the true volume by 3.3 mL (31%). US formula 2 had a smaller mean difference from the true volume, with an underestimation of only 0.6 mL (6%). Regression analysis showed that formulas 1 and 2 had better R 2 values than formula 3. However, all three US formulas displayed a strong linear relationship with the true volume (R 2 = 0.872−0.977; P < 0.001). Among the commonly used US formulas, the empirical formula of Lambert (L × W × H × 0.71) provided better accuracy than the other two formulas evaluated, and better precision than formula 3. Therefore, the formula of Lambert is the optimal choice in clinical practice.

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Significance of Testicular Size Measurement in Andrology: II. Correlation of Testicular Size with Testicular Function

Cited by 174 publications

References 2 publications

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes following orchidopexy for cryptorchidism before or after 1 year of age

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes following orchidopexy for cryptorchidism before or after 1 year of age

Short boys treated with growth hormone show normal progression of testicular size and achieve normal serum testosterone concentrations

The reliability of ultrasonographic measurements for testicular volume assessment: comparison of three common formulas with true testicular volume

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