Significant Effect of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate on Parkinson's Disease of Senescence-Accelerated Mice Induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

Abstract

SummaryThe induction of Parkinson's disease (PD) in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8) by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and the effects of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) on induced PD model mice of SAMP8 were investigated for 5 wk. After many trials, the tail suspension test determining the PD symptoms indicated that an appropriate amount of MPTP clearly raises the SAMP8 mice to the PD-model mice. Moreover, DMSP administration to the PD-SAM model mice proved to completely reduce the PD symptoms in the mice and to accumulate large amounts of norepinephrine, dopamine and dioxyphenylacetate in the mouse brains without cerebellums. These results suggest that catecholamines accumulated in large quantities by the supplementation of DMSP to the double-diseased mice, PD-SAMP8 model mice, completely ameliorated the PD symptoms in these model mice. Key Words dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Parkinson's disease, senescence-accelerated mice, catecholamines A tertiary sulfonium compound, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is found in marine animals, especially green sea algae in large amounts ( 1 ), and has been customarily ingested in large and small amounts by a number of people in Japan for many years ( 2 ). We have examined the effects of DMSP on aquatic and terrestrial animals and obtained a variety of noticeable results ( 3 -9 ). In contrast, Parkinson's disease (PD) has proven to principally cause a deficiency in dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain and sympathetically degenerates and/or degrades the dopaminergic-, norepinephrinergic-, and cholinergic-nervous systems in the brains, resulting in dementia in humans ( 10 -12 ). However, L-dopa does not completely recover the symptoms of PD ( 11 ), although L-dopa is proven to be the most effective among all the drugs used for curing this disease to date ( 11 ). We then examined the effects of DMSP on the PD-model mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (MPTP), which indicated that addition of DMSP to the PD-model mice induced from C57BL6 mice effectively ameliorates the characteristic PD symptoms of PD-model mice elicited by MPTP ( 13 ). We further attempted to examine whether or not MPTP can induce parkinsonism in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM)P8 and whether DMSP exerts any effect on the PD-model mice of SAMP8, whose brains exhibit the characteristic properties of early aging (i.e., loss of learning and memory) ( 14 ). Materials and MethodsDMSP was synthesized and purified to 99.8% purification (from element analysis) ( 3 ). 3,4-Dioxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd., Japan. All other chemicals were of the best available quality ( 13 ). The SAMP8 male mice were kind gifts from emeritus Prof. MD. Takeda T. in Kyoto University. The rearing conditions were the same as those in the previous report ( 13 ), except for the following experimental conditions. The twenty mice were divided into two groups, one fed distilled water (the control group) and the other DMSP solution at 5 ϫ 10 Ϫ 4 M...

Anticancer Effects of a Tertiary Sulfonium Compound, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, in Green Sea Algae on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice

“…However, there is no report on research into the physiological role of DMSP except for compatible solutes (osmoregulant, cryoprotectant ( 3 , 5 )) although there are a number of reports concerning its metabolism in micro-, macroalgae and halophytic plants ( 6 ). We therefore have examined the effects of DMSP and related compounds on a number of diseased animals, which have verified that the compound ameliorates and/or mitigates a variety of diseases, especially serious comtemporary disorders: stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats ( 7 ), acute alloxan-diabetes mellitus in rats ( 8 ), hyperhomocysteinemia ( 9 , 10 ), early aging and loss of learning and memory in SAM-R1 and -P8 (Alzheimer's disease) ( 11 , 12 ), 3 ′ -methyl-4-dimethylamino-azobenzene-(3 ′ -MeDAB)-induced liver cancer in rats ( 13 ) and Parkinson's disease caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice ( 14 ) and SAMP8 ( 15 ). Moreover, the amelioration of the early aging and loss of learning and memory in SAMP8 was confirmed by experiments with diets containing 5% of pulverized dry green sea algae ( 16 ).…”

Cardioprotective Potential of Irish Macroalgae: Generation of Glycine Betaine and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Containing Extracts by Accelerated Solvent Extraction

“…In 2011, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) of the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) established a cause and effect relationship between the consumption of GB and normal homocysteine metabolism, and granted GB a health claim pursuant to Article 13 of regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 [7]. DMSP is considered an analogue of GB and was shown previously to lower homocysteine levels more effectively than GB in rat plasma [11] and mice [12][13][14][15][16]. GB and its analogues (including DMSP) are present in marine micro-and macroalgae [17,18].…”