Significant Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Noain, Jesus Salas; Minupuri, Arun; Kulkarni, Aparna; Zheng, Shilie

doi:10.7759/cureus.9418

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This difference was no longer signi cant at 12 months. Recently research suggested that the association of LDL-C to cardiovascular risk varies based on particle size, and LCD and KD tend to increase LDL-C particle size [31,32], indicating that the increase in LDL-C alone may not be accompanied by an increased cardiovascular risk [25]. In addition, no participants experienced severe ketosis symptoms, a condition that can be harmful when ketone production is unregulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study

Pinsawas,

Mongkolsucharitkul,

Pongkunakorn

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet, an effective strategy to address metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity has been concerns about high fat consumption on atherogenic lipoproteins. This study aimed to compare the Asian ketogenic diet (AKD), which incorporates balanced protein and fat intake from Asian foods, with a balanced low-caloric diet (BLC) in individuals diagnosed with MetS. Methods: A 52-week randomized clinical trial included three parallel groups: AKD with increased whole egg intake (Yolk-KD, aged 40.9 ± 1.7, n = 27), yolk-free ketogenic diet with egg white supplementation (White-KD, aged 41.5 ± 1.3, n = 26), and BLC diet (aged 38.5 ± 1.7, n = 22). Primary outcomes were anthropometric and metabolic changes. Results: The AKD groups achieved significant reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.05). Compared to the BLC group, the AKD groups demonstrated significant improvements in fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profile at weeks 12 and 35 (P < 0.05). All groups experienced improvements in insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and appetite-related hormones like leptin and peptide YY (P < 0.05). From weeks 35 to 52, the AKD consistently maintained reductions in anthropometric measurements, improved glucose tolerance, enhanced lipid profiles, and better liver function compared to the BLC. Conclusion: The AKD proved safe and effective, yielding various metabolic improvements in individuals with Mets compared to the BLC. By emphasizing a low-saturated fat diet while disregarding dietary cholesterol, this approach holds promise for MetS and obesity management. Further studies are warranted. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04608136, registered on September 21, 2020.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study

Pinsawas,

Mongkolsucharitkul,

Pongkunakorn

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…57,63,64 This type of diet increases blood levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, both associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. 64 The low carbohydrate content of keto diets leads to a significant amount of dietary protein being used for the production of glucose via gluconeogenesis. This involves the deamination of amino acids with the subsequent production of urea.…”

Section: Nutrition/diet Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These diets, commonly known as keto diets, are low in carbohydrate, high in lipid and adequate protein. Many keto diets are animal-based with high lipid content (as much as 75%), in particular saturated fats as well as cholesterol. ,, This type of diet increases blood levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, both associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases . The low carbohydrate content of keto diets leads to a significant amount of dietary protein being used for the production of glucose via gluconeogenesis.…”

Section: Detailed Description Of the Socmementioning

confidence: 99%

Presenting Biochemistry Topics through a Systems Thinking Approach

Brown,

Hyslop

2024

J. Chem. Educ.

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The 21st century presents global challenges that require interdisciplinary approaches. The emerging area of Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education (STICE) encourages reform in chemistry education and practice using different cognitive frameworks, tools, and strategies to visualize the interconnectivity of how chemistry knowledge relates not only among branches within the discipline but also connections to the domains within and beyond the natural sciences. Changes in the pedagogical approach of a biochemistry course are suggested herein to address some of these challenges. Based on some of these changes, the reductionist approach is replaced by a systems thinking approach that stimulates the students to think beyond the basic concepts introduced in order to see the connections and applications to areas other than the specific discipline. In this manuscript, examples of metabolism and metabolites are used to exemplify the application of systems thinking in presenting different areas of knowledge related to topics in a biochemistry course. The specific topic of "ketone bodies" is used as the core subsystem. The connections among different subsystems including biochemistry/metabolism, physiology/medicine, nutrition/diet, and environment/society are discussed in detail.

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“…A ketogenic diet consists of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate consumption that is restricted to 5%-10% of the daily required intake of carbohydrates and swapping the vast majority of it with nutritional fat and sufficient protein (1 g/kg) [ 7 ]. A typical KD often includes foods such as coconut oil, butter, cheese, avocado, eggs, and meat [ 8 ]. These foods are all high in fat and protein while low in carbohydrates, which is a cornerstone of a ketogenic diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significant Impact of High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Overweight and Obese Adults

Khdher,

Mohammed,

Muhammed

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background and objectivesOverweight and obesity are becoming more commonplace globally. The ketogenic diet (KD), also known as the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, has become increasingly popular in recent years as a means to lose weight quickly. This present study aims to examine the clinical effects of ketogenic diets in individuals who are obese or overweight by evaluating or assessing variations in metabolic parameters associated with lipid control, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and other kidney risk indicators. Methods and subjectsThis observational case-control research involved 250 individuals in total and was conducted from May 2023 to January 2024. Of these, 158 were on a ketogenic diet, and 92 adults not following any type of diet were chosen to serve as controls. The biochemistry parameters of the kidney function test and lipid profile were measured for the two comparing groups. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using the Student ttest, Mann-Whitney U test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc test (least significant difference (LSD)). Chi-square tests were employed in the analysis to compare proportions. ResultsOut of 250 participants, there was a 20-80 age range, with their median age being 40 years old. The two comparing groups' lipid profiles were very different from one another; the cardiovascular risk (triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels were all greater in the KD group when compared to the non-KD group. The mean LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of the normal-weight participants was 56 mg/dL (p=0.079). Thereafter, it experienced a significant rise to 97.58 mg/dL and 108.2 mg/dL in those individuals who were overweight and obese, respectively (p<0.020). ConclusionsAs obesity rates in the populace keep rising, dietary fads such as the ketogenic diet are gaining traction. Although they could help with weight loss, this study had a notable observation of severe hypercholesterolemia and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among the ketogenic diet participants. Additional research is necessary to ascertain if a ketogenic diet can be sustained over the long term and how it affects endpoints that are more clinically significant, such as morbidity and mortality due to obesity.

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Significant Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study

Presenting Biochemistry Topics through a Systems Thinking Approach

The Significant Impact of High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Overweight and Obese Adults

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