Significant impact of the Rh blood group and gender on influenza infection in Estonia

Kärdi, L; Nutt, A. B.; Suurväli, Jaanus; Siimut, Siim Erik; Põdersoo, D; Saar, T.; Tiivel, Toomas; Boudinot, Sirje Rüütel

doi:10.3176/proc.2016.3.04

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Rhd may have appeared independently by duplication of the ancestral rhce gene at different stages of vertebrate evolution. The mutations that led to the formation of rhd in modern humans most likely occurred during later hominid evolution, and the main factors of directional selection were the pandemics of viral infections and population bottlenecks (Flegel 2007;Anstee 2010;Kärdi et al 2016). Therefore, some representatives of the population do not have this gene and are carriers of the Rhesus D-negative phenotype (Flegel 2007).…”

Section: Pathophysiological Conditions Associated With Changes In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted ammonia transporters

et al. 2020

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Ammonia homeostasis is essential for the normal functioning of macro-and microorganisms. The change in concentration of ammonia derivatives in intracellular and extracellular environments is a marker of nitrogen metabolism imbalance. Transport of these molecules is now known to occur by both simple diffusion and special membrane-associated transporters belonging to the Amt/MEP/Rh family. This protein family is subdivided into two subfamilies: the ammonium transporter (AMT)methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEP) and the rhesus (Rh) proteins. In this review, we systemize and generalize the long-established and some recent findings on the role of these proteins in nitrogen metabolism in general, and in the ammonia balance in particular. The similarities and differences of these systems in various living beings are discussed. The paper also focuses on the characteristics of several aspects of the classification and on the physiological importance of these proteins and their relationships to certain pathological processes. We also enumerate the prospects and unique challenges of research in this field of science. Deeper theoretical and practical research will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the structural-functional evolution of ammonia transport proteins, as well as the level of their involvement in the signaling pathways associated with the pathophysiology of nitrogen metabolism.

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Section: Pathophysiological Conditions Associated With Changes In Thementioning

confidence: 99%