Significant impacts of heterogeneous reactions on the chemical composition and mixing state of dust particles: A case study during dust events over northern China

Wang, Zhe; Pan, Xiaole; Uno, Itsushi; Li, Jie; Wang, Zifa; Chen, Xueshun; Fu, Pingqing; Yang, Ting; Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Shimizu, Atsushi; Sugimoto, Naoki; Yamamoto, Shigekazu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.044

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dust storms are a typical natural weather event in northern China in spring (March–May). During the spring 2015 atmospheric deposition sampling campaign, China's National Weather Bureau recorded two major dust episodes, which circulated over northern China and the BS on 28–31 March and 15–16 April, respectively (Chen et al, ; Wang et al, ). During these two events, the PM concentrations in Bohai Rim were extremely high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant amounts of the anthropogenic OC and BC are readily transported to the coastal Bohai Sea (BS) and subsequently participate in the coastal BS carbon cycle, owing to the combined influences of the northwesterly prevailing winter, spring East Asian monsoon, and high riverine discharge, including that of the Yellow River, which yields the world's second largest riverine sediment flux into the ocean (Hu et al, ). Concurrently, extreme natural weather events, such as frequent and intense spring dust storms that occur in northern China (Chen et al, ; Wang et al, ), can deliver dust particles and particle‐bound OC and BC into the BS following long‐range transport. Tan et al () reported that the total deposition of dust particles for the days on which dust storms affected Chinese seas was ~36 million tons, which was equivalent to ~5% of the total emission of spring dust storms in Inner Mongolia during 2000–2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations

Fang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Organic carbon (OC) cycling in coastal seas that connect terrestrial and open oceanic ecosystems is a dynamic and disproportionately important component of oceanic and global carbon cycles. However, OC cycling in coastal seas needs to be better constrained, particularly for geochemically important black carbon (BC). In this study, we conducted multimedium sampling campaigns, including atmospheric deposition, river water, seawater, and sediments in coastal Bohai Sea (BS) in China. We simultaneously quantified particulate OC (POC), particulate BC (PBC), dissolved OC (DOC), and dissolved BC (DBC) and investigated the cycling and budgets of OC and BC. The cycling and budgets of each individual particulate phase (i.e., POC versus PBC) and dissolved phase (i.e., DOC versus DBC) displayed similar patterns, but there were some distinct differences between the particulate and dissolved phases. In the particulate phases, atmospheric and riverine delivery dominated exogenous inputs (>80%), sequestration to sediments dominated removal (~70%), and exchanges in the Bohai Strait resulted in net export. In the dissolved phases, exchanges in the Bohai Strait dominated both import and export and were in a relatively dynamic equilibrium. We found that both natural perturbations, such as spring dust storms, and anthropogenic activity, exerted significant impacts on BS carbon cycling. The integration of regional and global source‐to‐sink process databases made it clear that future BC studies should calculate PBC and DBC fluxes independently. Continuous field observational studies, more details of the biogeochemical processes involved, and consistent BC quantification methods are urgently needed to elucidate coastal OC and BC cycling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations

Fang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Internal mixing of coarse mode dust with fine mode anthropogenic aerosols has been suggested by observations in the Asian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) (Seinfeld et al, 2004) and recent studies (Sugimoto et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2017), although the mechanism leading to the mixing has yet to be elucidated. Internal mixing of dust with anthropogenic pollution likely occurs via condensation of low-volatility organic and inorganic compounds, particle-phase reactions, and coagulation with other aerosol types (Zhang et al, 1996;Zhao et al, 2006;Qiu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative absorption enhancement of dust mixed with anthropogenic pollution over East Asia

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The particle mixing state plays a significant yet poorly quantified role in aerosol radiative forcing, especially for the mixing of dust (mineral absorbing) and anthropogenic pollution (black carbon absorbing) over East Asia. We have investigated the absorption enhancement of mixed-type aerosols over East Asia by using the Aerosol Robotic Network observations and radiative transfer model calculations. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit significantly enhanced absorbing ability than the corresponding unmixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols, as revealed in the spectral behavior of absorbing aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedo, and imaginary refractive index. The aerosol radiative efficiencies for the dust, mixed-type, and anthropogenic aerosols are −101.0, −112.9, and −98.3 Wm −2 τ −1 at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA); −42.3, −22.5, and −39.8 Wm −2 τ −1 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); and 58.7, 90.3, and 58.5 Wm −2 τ −1 in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. The BOA cooling and ATM heating efficiencies of the mixed-type aerosols are significantly higher than those of the unmixed aerosol types over the East Asia region, resulting in atmospheric stabilization. In addition, the mixed-type aerosols correspond to a lower TOA cooling efficiency, indicating that the cooling effect by the corresponding individual aerosol components is partially counteracted. We conclude that the interaction between dust and anthropogenic pollution not only represents a viable aerosol formation pathway but also results in unfavorable dispersion conditions, both exacerbating the regional air pollution in East Asia. Our results highlight the necessity to accurately account for the mixing state of aerosols in atmospheric models over East Asia in order to better understand the formation mechanism for regional air pollution and to assess its impacts on human health, weather, and climate.

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“…Two regional chemical transport models were used in this study: the NAQPMS (Wang et al, 2001;Li et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017) and the CMAQ (Byun and Schere, 2006). All configurations selected for both NAQPMS and CMAQ simulations are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Chemical Transport Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Long-Range Transport of Particulate Matters for January in East Asia using NAQPMS and CMAQ

Wang

Itahashi

Uno

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Two regional chemical transport models were applied to simulate high concentrations of particulate matters (PM) observed in East Asia in January 2015; the first model is the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) and the second is the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ). The variation of PM 2.5 in both models showed well agreement with measurements over both eastern China and western Japan. Based on the model results and the aerosol compositions observed in Fukuoka in western Japan, three types of PM long-range transport (LRT) were identified: N-, S-, and D-type. The N episode showed higher fine-mode nitrate (fNO 3 -) concentrations than fine-mode sulfate (fSO 4 2-), indicating the importance of NO 3 -LRT. The S episode showed the highest fSO 4 2-concentrations (28.9 µg m -3 ), which were 3.4-fold higher than fNO 3 -, due to high relative humidity. During the D episode, dust stagnated in Fukuoka for three days, due to the influence of low-and high-pressure systems; thus, dust LRT is also important in winter besides spring. Both models reasonable explained variations in aerosol components during both N and S episodes; however, both underestimated fSO 4 2-especially during D episode, suggesting that they may miss certain emissions or chemical mechanisms. High coarse-mode NO 3 -(cNO 3 -) concentrations (maximum: 6.3 µg m -3 ), and high cNO 3 -/fNO 3 -ratios (maximum: 1.2) were observed during D episode. NAQPMS successfully captured this cNO 3 -peak after including heterogeneous reactions on dust. Our results emphasize the importance of such heterogeneous processes for understanding the LRT of dust and anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia.

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Significant impacts of heterogeneous reactions on the chemical composition and mixing state of dust particles: A case study during dust events over northern China

Cited by 72 publications

References 36 publications

Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations

Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations

Radiative absorption enhancement of dust mixed with anthropogenic pollution over East Asia

Modeling the Long-Range Transport of Particulate Matters for January in East Asia using NAQPMS and CMAQ

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