Significant improvement of electrooxidation performance of carbon in molten carbonates by the introduction of transition metal oxides

Wang, Chang Qing; Liu, Jia; Zeng, Jia; Jin, Yin; Wang, Gui Ling; Cao, Dianxue

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.016

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…3(a)). Additionally, the addition of 0.1 g NiO to 100 g CO 3 did not give rise to Ni/NiO peaks in CV curves acquired for a Au electrode at 750 C under N 2 [17] (vs. Fig. 2(a)).…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…From CVs acquired in the presence of various fuels, currents were measured at fixed overpotential (h ¼ 500 mV) as a function of temperature [6,8,17,18]. In Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors attributed these peaks to the reduction of CO 2 under cathodic (E < OCP) conditions [7]. More recently, researchers at Harbin Engineering University (PR China) have reported CVs acquired using Au [17,20] and Ag [18] electrodes immersed in (LieK) 2 CO 3 under N 2 between 600 and 750 C (Table 1). Under these conditions, no peaks were observed [17,18,20] (vs. Fig.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they evolve/desorb easily with an increase in temperature, leaving active sites (un-saturated sites) very liable for further chemical reactions, including carbon gasification [44,45]. Presence of these surface functional groups has been shown to strongly influence the reactivity of carbon fuels at DCFC anodes in molten hydroxide [46], molten carbonate [8,9,17], and solid oxide electrolyte DCFCs [47e49]. As such, higher O/C ratio and hydrogen content are expected to be associated with higher loading of reactive surface functional groups, the presence of which promotes activity in the vicinity of the WE, generating larger currents at fixed overpotential.…”

Section: Coalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Deleebeeck

Arenillas

Menéndez

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) Bituminous coal Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide a b s t r a c t A 3-electrode half-cell setup consisting of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte support was employed to investigate the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring in the vicinity of a model hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC) anode (Ni-YSZ) in contact with a molten carbon-alkali carbonate slurry. Electrochemical testing, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with and without the Ni-YSZ layer highlighted the promotional effect of the Ni-YSZ anode layer, and revealed the contributions of Ni/NiO, and potentially K/K 2 O, redox couple(s). Treated anthracite and bituminous coals, as well as carbon black, were tested, revealing similar open circuit potential and activation energies in mixed 96e4 vol% N 2 eCO 2 and 50e50 vol% COeCO 2 environments between 700 and 800 C. Bituminous coal showed the highest activity, likely associated to a high O/C ratio and hydrogen content. Based on acquired data, a reaction scheme was proposed for processes at the working electrode, including the role of bubble formation in the vicinity of the electrochemically active solid/molten medium interface.

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“…3(a)). Additionally, the addition of 0.1 g NiO to 100 g CO 3 did not give rise to Ni/NiO peaks in CV curves acquired for a Au electrode at 750 C under N 2 [17] (vs. Fig. 2(a)).…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…From CVs acquired in the presence of various fuels, currents were measured at fixed overpotential (h ¼ 500 mV) as a function of temperature [6,8,17,18]. In Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Deleebeeck

Arenillas

Menéndez

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Because the carbon pellet surface is not smooth, the molten carbonates easily 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 10 penetrate into the clearance between the pellet and Au electrode. The reaction process of electrochemical carbon consumption is summarized in previous papers [2, 3,7,8]. This is briefly summarized here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Surface Characteristics after Electrochemical Oxidation in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Using a Single Carbon Pellet and Molten Carbonates

2015

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This study investigates carbon surface characteristics after discharge in a direct carbon fuel cell using molten carbonates. In the experiment, the top surface of a single carbon pellet is pressed on the Au electrode submerged in molten carbonates, and discharge is started at a constant current. First, the effect of the press force of the carbon pellet on voltage was investigated. With decreasing press force, voltage reduction was observed at high current, whereas the voltage remained constant at low current. Then, after the pellet was washed, its top and side surfaces after discharge were observed and analyzed. In Auger electron spectroscopy spectra, Na peaks were not detected on the carbon surface after discharge, indicating that the washing of the pellet was sufficient to remove the carbonates. On the top surface that was in contact with the electrode, surface roughness parameters decreased after discharge, indicating that the surface became smooth after discharge. In addition, changes in surface morphologies were observed after discharge; smooth hemispherical particles were observed after discharge, whereas angular particles and edges were observed before discharge. Moreover, cleavages were observed after discharge. Meanwhile, on the side surface that was not in contact with the electrode, the only observed changes were thermal cracks caused by exposure to high temperature molten carbonates. The results suggest that hemispherical particles were formed after discharge because of the combination of press force and electrochemical oxidation on the flat Au electrode, which caused edges to be smoothed during discharge. Observations indicated that the triple phase boundary (carbon, electrolyte, and anode) played an important role in changing carbon surface morphologies during discharge.

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A novel electrolyte composed of carbonate and CsVO3–MoO3 for electrochemical oxidation of graphite

Liu

Zeng

et al. 2014

Electrochemistry Communications

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Significant improvement of electrooxidation performance of carbon in molten carbonates by the introduction of transition metal oxides

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Carbon Surface Characteristics after Electrochemical Oxidation in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Using a Single Carbon Pellet and Molten Carbonates

A novel electrolyte composed of carbonate and CsVO3–MoO3 for electrochemical oxidation of graphite

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