Significant influence of fungi on coarse carbonaceous and potassium aerosols in a tropical rainforest

Zhang, Zhisheng; Engling, Guenter; Zhang, Leiming; Kawamura, Kimitaka; Yang, Yihong; Tao, Jun; Zhang, Renjian; Chan, Chia-Tai; Li, Yide

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034015

Cited by 40 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Potassium, Cu, and Zn are considered to be tracer elements of biogenic emissions from the rainforest. Potassium in submicron aerosols also has a source from vegetation fires and is frequently used as a tracer for biomass burning aerosols (Andreae et al, 1983;Martin et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2015). Soil-dust-related elements are typically present at the highest concentrations during the early wet-to-dry season transition (May), as has been shown in previous studies (Pauliquevis et al, 2012;Andreae et al, 2015).…”

Section: Composition Of Aerosol Soluble Fractionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

et al. 2017

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The intercontinental transport of aerosols from the Sahara desert plays a significant role in nutrient cycles in the Amazon rainforest, since it carries many types of minerals to these otherwise low-fertility lands. Iron is one of the micronutrients essential for plant growth, and its long-range transport might be an important source for the iron-limited Amazon rainforest. This study assesses the bioavailability of iron Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the particulate matter over the Amazon forest, which was transported from the Sahara desert (for the sake of our discussion, this term also includes the Sahel region). The sampling campaign was carried out above and below the forest canopy at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory), a near-pristine area in the central Amazon Basin, from March to April 2015. Measurements reached peak concentrations for soluble Fe(III) (48 ng m−3), Fe(II) (16 ng m−3), Na (470 ng m−3), Ca (194 ng m−3), K (65 ng m−3), and Mg (89 ng m−3) during a time period of dust transport from the Sahara, as confirmed by ground-based and satellite remote sensing data and air mass backward trajectories. Dust sampled above the Amazon canopy included primary biological aerosols and other coarse particles up to 12 µm in diameter. Atmospheric transport of weathered Saharan dust, followed by surface deposition, resulted in substantial iron bioavailability across the rainforest canopy. The seasonal deposition of dust, rich in soluble iron, and other minerals is likely to assist both bacteria and fungi within the topsoil and on canopy surfaces, and especially benefit highly bioabsorbent species. In this scenario, Saharan dust can provide essential macronutrients and micronutrients to plant roots, and also directly to plant leaves. The influence of this input on the ecology of the forest canopy and topsoil is discussed, and we argue that this influence would likely be different from that of nutrients from the weathered Amazon bedrock, which otherwise provides the main source of soluble mineral nutrients

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Section: Composition Of Aerosol Soluble Fractionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

et al. 2017

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“…OC, accounting for 7-80 % of PM mass, constitutes a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosols (Yu et al, 2004;Ram et al, 2012;Ho et al, 2012). Ambient fungi are considered a possible source of OC in PMs.…”

Section: Contribution Of Spores To Oc Concentrations and Pm Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glomerella was widely found on the surface of leaves, suggesting that leaf senescence is an important source of fungi in PM 2.5 in autumn . Some crucial environmental factors having a potential influence on fungal release and growth, such as temperature; NO 2 ; PM 10 ; SO 2 ; CO; relative humidity (Yan et al, 2016); radiation; vegetation (Moreau et al, 2016); urbanization; and accidental events, e.g., dust storms (Prospero et al, 2005), rainfall (Zhang et al, 2015), hurricanes (DeLeon-Rodriguez et al, 2013), and haze (Yan et al, 2016), have been identified. Herein Spearman's rank coefficient analysis indicated that Ca 2+ , a typical water-soluble inorganic ion from dust, was negatively related to the prevalence of Glomerella and Zasmidium in autumn (Fig.…”

Section: Size Distribution and Seasonal Variation Of Fungal Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi diversity in PM<sub>2. 5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the summit of Mt. Tai: abundance, size distribution, and seasonal variation

Wei

Chen

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Fungi are ubiquitous throughout the near-surface atmosphere, where they represent an important component of primary biological aerosol particles. This study combined internal transcribed spacer region sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the ambient fungi in fine (PM 2.5 , 50 % cutoff aerodynamic diameter D a50 = 2.5 µm, geometric standard deviation of collection efficiency σ g = 1.2) and submicron (PM 1 , D a50 = 1 µm, σ g = 1.2) particles at the summit of Mt. Tai located in the North China Plain, China. Fungal abundance values were 9.4 × 10 4 and 1.3 × 10 5 copies m −3 in PM 2.5 and PM 1 , respectively. Most of the fungal sequences were from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which are known to actively discharge spores into the atmosphere. The fungal community showed a significant seasonal shift across different size fractions according to Metastats analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The abundance of Glomerella and Zasmidium increased in larger particles in autumn, whereas Penicillium, Bullera, and Phaeosphaeria increased in smaller particles in winter. Environmental factors, namely Ca 2+ , humidity, and temperature, were found to be crucial for the seasonal variation in the fungal community. This study might serve as an important reference for fungal contribution to primary biological aerosol particles.

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“…In an intercomparison between the two different measurement techniques, Healy et al (2014) found that, while there was agreement in total number concentrations, the counts in the fluorescence channels of the WIBS (particularly FL1) were substantially higher than the UV-APS fluorescence counts, which would at least partly explain the difference here. The wetter, more humid conditions during the wet season measurement period of Huffman et al (2012) would be expected to favour emission (Jones and Harrison, 2004;Zhang et al, 2015). On the other hand, the higher rainfall would also result in enhanced wet deposition during the wet season, especially above canopy.…”

Section: Coarse-mode Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong vertical gradients in biological particles are therefore regularly seen in rainforest environments, and would be an additional factor in the differences observed between the measurements at TT34. In a remote tropical rainforest in China, Zhang et al (2015) estimated fungal spore concentrations to be around 50 L −1 based on chemical analysis of filters, and found higher concentrations associated with rainfall events. A global modelling study by Spracklen and Heald (2014) found simulated surface annual mean concentrations of fungal spores to be around 100 L −1 over tropical forests (including central Amazonia), which is consistent with this and other measurements at this site.…”

Section: Coarse-mode Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic cloud nuclei in the central Amazon during the transition from wet to dry season

Whitehead

Darbyshire

Brito³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Amazon basin is a vast continental area in which atmospheric composition is relatively unaffected by anthropogenic aerosol particles. Understanding the properties of the natural biogenic aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest is key to understanding their influence on regional and global climate. While there have been a number of studies during the wet season, and of biomass burning particles in the dry season, there has been relatively little work on the transition period -the start of the dry season in the absence of biomass burning. As part of the Brazil-UK Network for Investigation of Amazonian Atmospheric Composition and Impacts on Climate (BUNIAACIC) project, aerosol measurements, focussing on unpolluted biogenic air masses, were conducted at a remote rainforest site in the central Amazon during the transition from wet to dry season in July 2013. This period marks the start of the dry season but before significant biomass burning occurs in the region.Median particle number concentrations were 266 cm −3 , with size distributions dominated by an accumulation mode of 130-150 nm. During periods of low particle counts, a smaller Aitken mode could also be seen around 80 nm. While the concentrations were similar in magnitude to those seen during the wet season, the size distributions suggest an enhancement in the accumulation mode compared to the wet season, but not yet to the extent seen later in the dry season, when significant biomass burning takes place. Submicron nonrefractory aerosol composition, as measured by an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), was dominated by organic material (around 81 %). Aerosol hygroscopicity was probed using measurements from a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA), and a quasi-monodisperse cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNc). The hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was found to be low, ranging from 0.12 for Aitken-mode particles to 0.18 for accumulation-mode particles. This was consistent with previous studies in the region, but lower than similar measurements conducted in Borneo, where κ ranged 0.17-0.37.A wide issue bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-3M) was deployed at ground level to probe the coarse mode, detecting primary biological aerosol by fluorescence (fluorescent biological aerosol particles, or FBAPs). The mean FBAP number concentration was 400 ± 242 L −1 ; however, this ranged from around 200 L −1 during the day to as much as 1200 L −1 at night. FBAPs dominated the coarse-mode particles, comprising between 55 and 75 % of particles during the day to more than 90 % at night. Non-FBAPs did not show a strong diurnal pattern. Comparison with previous FBAP measurements above canopy at the same location suggests there is a strong vertical gradient in FBAP concentrations through the canopy. Cluster analysis of the data suggests that FBAPs were dominated (around 70 %) by fungal spores. Further, long-term measurements will be required in order to fully examine the seasonal variability and distribution of primary biological aerosol parti...

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Significant influence of fungi on coarse carbonaceous and potassium aerosols in a tropical rainforest

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

Fungi diversity in PM<sub>2. 5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the summit of Mt. Tai: abundance, size distribution, and seasonal variation

Biogenic cloud nuclei in the central Amazon during the transition from wet to dry season

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Significant influence of fungi on coarse carbonaceous and potassium aerosols in a tropical rainforest

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

Fungi diversity in PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at the summit of Mt. Tai: abundance, size distribution, and seasonal variation

Biogenic cloud nuclei in the central Amazon during the transition from wet to dry season

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Fungi diversity in PM<sub>2. 5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the summit of Mt. Tai: abundance, size distribution, and seasonal variation