Significant transpirational water loss occurs throughout the night in field-grown tomato

Caird, Mairgareth A.; Richards, James H.; Hsiao, Theodore C.

doi:10.1071/fp06264

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Greater rates have been reported in some extreme cases [26]. Nevertheless, studies providing evidence of nighttime water loss by crop canopies under field conditions are rare [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, nocturnal transpiration was assumed negligible [17], although some reports of nocturnal water loss were already published in the mid and late 1900s [18][19][20][21]. Recently, increasing evidence suggest that nighttime transpiration can be quite substantial, ranging from 5 to 30% of the total daily flux [22][23][24][25]. Greater rates have been reported in some extreme cases [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporative loss from irrigated interrows in a highly advective semi-arid agricultural area

Agam

Evett

Tolk

et al. 2012

Advances in Water Resources

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a b s t r a c tAgricultural productivity has increased in the Texas High Plains at the cost of declining water tables, putting at risk the sustainability of the Ogallala Aquifer as a principal source of water for irrigated agriculture. This has led area producers to seek alternative practices that can increase water use efficiency (WUE) through more careful management of water. One potential way of improving WUE is by reducing soil evaporation (E), thus reducing overall evapotranspiration (ET). Before searching for ways to reduce E, it is first important to quantify E and understand the factors that determine its magnitude. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify E throughout part of the growing season for irrigated cotton in a strongly advective semi-arid region; (2) to study the effects of LAI, days after irrigation, and measurement location within the row on the E/ET fraction; and (3) to study the ability of microlysimeter (ML) measures of E combined with sap flow gage measures of transpiration (T) to accurately estimate ET when compared with weighing lysimeter ET data and to assess the E/T ratio. The research was conducted in an irrigated cotton field at the Conservation & Production Research Laboratory of the USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX. ET was measured by a large weighing lysimeter, and E was measured by 10 microlysimeters that were deployed in two sets of 5 across the interrow. In addition, 10 heat balance sap flow gages were used to determine T. A moderately good agreement was found between the sum E + T and ET (SE = 1 mm or $10% of ET). It was found that E may account for >50% of ET during early stages of the growing season (LAI < 0.2), significantly decreasing with increase in LAI to values near 20% at peak LAI of three. Measurement location within the north-south interrows had a distinct effect on the diurnal pattern of E, with a shift in time of peak E from west to east, a pattern that was governed by the solar radiation reaching the soil surface. However, total daily E was unaffected by position in the interrow. Under wet soil conditions, wind speed and direction affected soil evaporation. Row orientation interacted with wind direction in this study such that aerodynamic resistance to E usually increased when wind direction was perpendicular to row direction; but this interaction needs further study because it appeared to be lessened under higher wind speeds.

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“…Greater rates have been reported in some extreme cases [26]. Nevertheless, studies providing evidence of nighttime water loss by crop canopies under field conditions are rare [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporative loss from irrigated interrows in a highly advective semi-arid agricultural area

Agam

Evett

Tolk

et al. 2012

Advances in Water Resources

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show abstract

“…A few common garden experiments have shown a genetic component to g night by investigating the magnitude of g night under controlled, non-stressful conditions (Caird et al 2007b;Christman et al 2008). Several other studies have exploited environmental variation to show g night can be affected by environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Night-time water loss in non-CAM plants occurs without simultaneous carbon gain and results in reduced predawn water status (reviewed by Caird et al 2007a), thus, presenting a cost for plants which maintain high g night throughout the night Caird et al 2007b;Kavanagh et al 2007). However, several benefits for night-time water loss have been proposed, including enhanced nutrient supply (Snyder et al 2008), prevention of excess cell turgor , and enhanced early morning carbon gain .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stress and genetics influence night-time leaf conductance in the C4 grass Distichlis spicata

Christman

James

Drenovsky

et al. 2009

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Growing awareness of night-time leaf conductance (g night ) in many species, as well as genetic variation in g night within several species, has raised questions about how genetic variation and environmental stress interact to influence the magnitude of g night . The objective of this study was to investigate how genotype salt tolerance and salinity stress affect g night for saltgrass [Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene]. Across genotypes and treatments, night-time water loss rates were 5-20% of daytime rates. Despite growth declining 37-87% in the high salinity treatments (300 mM and 600 mM NaCl), neither treatment had any effect on g night in four of the six genotypes compared with the control treatment (7 mM NaCl). Daytime leaf conductance (g day ) also was not affected by salinity treatment in three of the six genotypes. There was no evidence that more salt tolerant genotypes (assessed as ability to maintain growth with increasing salinity) had a greater capacity to maintain g night or g day at high salinity. In addition, g night as a percentage of g day was unaffected by treatment in the three most salt tolerant genotypes. Although g night in the 7 mM treatment was always highest or not different compared with the 300 mM and 600 mM treatments, g day was generally highest in the 300 mM treatment, indicating separate regulation of g night and g day in response to an environmental stress. Thus, it is clear that genetics and environment both influence the magnitude of g night for this species. Combined effects of genetic and environmental factors are likely to impact our interpretation of variation of g night in natural populations.

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“…Nighttime sap flow was over 8% of the total daily flow in red oak and 2% in red maple. Integrated crop water loss during the dark, non-photosynthetic hours measured on the lysimeter was 3%-10.8% of total daily water loss [21]. Hence the nocturnal sap flow is significant and needs to be carefully considered in sap flow and related studies [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Sap Flow Density and Environmental Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China

Liu

Zhang

Zhuang

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:Canopy transpiration is an important component of evapotranspiration, integrating physical and biological processes within the water and energy cycles of forests. Quercus acutissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata are two important, fast-growing and commercial tree species that have been extensively used for vegetation restoration, water conservation and building artificial forests in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. The primary objective of this study was to characterize sap flow densities of the two species by comparing daytime and nocturnal sap flow patterns and their relationships with environmental factors. Sap flow densities (S d ) were measured between September 2012 and August 2013 using the commercially-available thermal dissipation probes. Hourly meteorological data were measured in an open field, located 200 m away from the study site, including photosynthetically-active radiation (P ar ), air temperature (T a ), relative air humidity (R h ), vapor pressure deficit (V pd ) and precipitation (P). Soil water content (S wc ) data were logged hourly in different layers at Q. acutissima and C. lanceolata forests. Results indicated that the mean S d in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn. Both the S d of Q. acutissima and C. lanceolata showed distinct diurnal patterns. Nocturnal sap flow densities (S dn ) were noticeable, and both species followed similar declining patterns during our study period. The daytime sap flow density (S dd ) was more sensitive to environmental factors than S dn . Sap flow density was significant linearly correlated with P ar , V pd and T a , and P ar and V pd explained the greatest amount of variation in daytime sap flow of Q. acutissima and C. lanceolata, respectively. Our study will enrich knowledge of plantation forest physical and biological processes and provide valuable information for plantation forest management in the Yangtze River Delta region of China.

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Significant transpirational water loss occurs throughout the night in field-grown tomato

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Evaporative loss from irrigated interrows in a highly advective semi-arid agricultural area

Evaporative loss from irrigated interrows in a highly advective semi-arid agricultural area

Environmental stress and genetics influence night-time leaf conductance in the C4 grass Distichlis spicata

The Relationship between Sap Flow Density and Environmental Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China

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