Significantly Enhanced Thermal Decomposition of Mechanically Activated Ammonium Perchlorate Coupling with Nano Copper Chromite

Abstract

In this article, nano-CuCr 2 O 4 (copper chromite)/ ultrafine ammonium perchlorate (AP) composites were prepared by a ultrasonic dispersion method and a mechanical grinding method. A series of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 /ultrafine AP composites with different dispersions were prepared by controlling the compounding time to study the best catalytic effect of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 on the ultrafine AP. The microstructures, surface elements, and morphologies of samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The catalytic effect of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 on the thermal decomposition of AP was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the mechanical ball milling method could make nano-CuCr 2 O 4 more evenly dispersed on the ultrafine AP, and with the increase in the milling time, the uniformity of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 on the ultrafine AP was better. When the milling time was 6−12 h, nano-CuCr 2 O 4 was most evenly dispersed on the ultrafine AP. At this time, the decomposition temperature and Gibbs free energy of the nano-CuCr 2 O 4 /ultrafine AP composite were the lowest, which decreased by 78.1 °C and 25.16 kJ/mol compared with those of ultrafine AP, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical sensitivity of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 /ultrafine AP composites was lower than that of ultrafine AP. It showed that ball milling for 6−12 h could make nano-CuCr 2 O 4 evenly dispersed on the ultrafine AP, and nano-CuCr 2 O 4 could play the best catalytic effect on the ultrafine AP.

Preventing Agglomeration and Enhancing the Energetic Performance of Fine Ammonium Perchlorate through Surface Modification with Hydrophobic Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…As indicated in Figure 3a, XRD patterns of the as‐obtained fine AP, fine AP@ GO, and fine AP@R‐GO are almost identical, with a slight difference in the intensity of peaks. This is owing to the fact that AP was coated by a tiny amount of GO and R‐GO (about 0.3 %), making the detection of GO and R‐GO with XRD difficult [38] . Regarding Raman spectra of the as‐obtained fine AP, fine AP@GO, and fine AP@R‐GO, on the other hand.…”

“…This is owing to the fact that AP was coated by a tiny amount of GO and R-GO (about 0.3 %), making the detection of GO and R-GO with XRD difficult. [38] Regarding Raman spectra of the as-obtained fine AP, fine AP@GO, and fine AP@R-GO, on the other hand. The characteristic D and G peaks of carbon-based materials are evident in the fine AP@GO and fine AP@R-GO spectra, showing the presence of GO and R-GO, respectively.…”

Dense, Three-Dimensional, Highly Absorbent, Graphene Oxide Aerogel Coating on ZnCo2O4/ZnO Particles Exerts a Synergistic Catalytic Effect for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

“…Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is broadly used for the purpose of the oxidant in a variety of solid rocket propellants with the virtues of strong oxidation, high oxygen level, large gas production per unit content, and high thermal stability. − AP accounts for 60–90 wt % of the total content of composite solid propellants (CSPs), so the thermal decomposition behavior of AP is positively associated with the combustion performance of the CSPs. − Therefore, the lower pyrolysis temperature and higher exotherm of AP can effectively decrease the ignition time of CSPs and increase the energy output of CSPs. − …”