“…Currently, analytical methods for detecting Rac in pork are limited to techniques requiring highly sophisticated sample preparation or costly instrumentation, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). − ELISA offers a rapid and portable method for detecting Rac; however, its major drawback is its requirements of complicated time-consuming sample pretreatment and preparation because of the complex matrix of animal tissues . Among instrumental techniques, HPLC enables multicomponent and highly sensitive analysis; however, the HPLC instrument is costly and nonportable, which prevents its widespread application .…”