Signs of damage in pelvic floor muscles at the end of pregnancy in rabbits

Sánchez-García, Octavio; Hernández-Aragón, Laura G; López-García, Kenia; Juárez, Margarita; Martı́nez–Gómez, Margarita; Castelán, Francisco

doi:10.1007/s00192-019-03872-6

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Along with age, parity heavily influences PFM activity. An animal study suggests that muscle damage occurs before and persists after birth [ 30 ]. As the number of pregnancies increases, the levator hiatus area increases, worsening the function of the PFMs [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different positions during the use an innovative vaginal educator: Cross-sectional study

Duarte,

Azevedo,

Furtado

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The pelvic floor requires an integrated anatomical structure owing to its multiple functions. Therefore, it is necessary to study methods for improving muscle recruitment during training. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using an innovative vaginal trainer on the bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic positioning and interference factors, such as age, childbirth, sexual activity, urinary incontinence, and menopause, were also analyzed. A cross-sectional study assessed 30 women using an evaluation form, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, and surface electromyography. The root mean square of a 5-second contraction period, peak root mean square values, area values, % maximal voluntary contraction (root mean square normalized by peak signal), and median frequency were collected. These findings with and without the use of a vaginal educator were compared in the anteversion, neutral, and retroversion pelvic positions. The use of a vaginal educator was found to increase the electromyographic activity of the pelvic floor muscles in the neutral position. In this position, older women showed an increased peak contraction when using the educator. Multiparas also benefited from increased bioelectric activity (root mean square and area). Sexually active women increased their bioelectric activity in a neutral position when using the trainer, exerting less effort in retroversion (%-maximal voluntary contraction). Incontinent and menopausal women exhibited slower body-building activation (decreased frequency) with the device, which requires further investigation. Our innovative biofeedback device induced greater recruitment of muscle fibers, is more effective in the neutral pelvic position, and may be effective in training the pelvic floor muscles, even in women with a greater tendency toward pelvic floor dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different positions during the use an innovative vaginal educator: Cross-sectional study

Duarte,

Azevedo,

Furtado

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Additionally, perineal lacerations can cause during childbirth lead to the formation of scars after delivery. Perineal tension is significantly reduced, which will result in pelvic floor tissue relaxation and promotes the occurrence of SUI ( 30 , 31 ). In the present investigation, the rate of urinary incontinence in vaginal delivery patients was higher than that of cesarean delivery patients, which indicated that vaginal delivery increased the risk of SUI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential associated factors for stress urinary incontinence in women: a retrospective study

Wei¹,

Meng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background: This study sought to analyze the potential associated factors for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods: A total of 5,013 women were screened for pelvic floor function at the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to January 2019. Of these, 410 patients were diagnosed with SUI. A single-factor Chi-square test and multi-factor logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy urinary incontinence, vaginal delivery, menopause, and hormone therapy, chronic cough, and smoking, and postpartum SUI. Results:The postpartum SUI rate in patients with urinary incontinence during pregnancy was 19.33%, while that of patients without urinary incontinence was only 5.44%. The rates of urinary incontinence in patients experiencing vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery were 13.62% and 4.36%, respectively. The SUI incidences in patients with or without a family genetic history of SUI were 28.46% and 7.48%, respectively.The incidence rates of SUI in smoking and non-smoking patients were 18.92% and 8.39%. The rate of SUI in patients with chronic cough (16.46%) behaved significantly differently from those with non-chronic cough

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“…Whereas inflammation and macrophage influence in the hindlimb muscles have been commonly researched, these mechanisms and influences in PFM have been addressed more recently. In this regard, some PFM of animal species like rodents [13][14][15][16][17][18] and rabbits [19][20][21][22][23] have been used as study models. Simulated birth trauma in rats, comprising the introduction of a catheter balloon into the vagina and its filling to produce vaginal distention, caused morphometry defects, immune cell infiltration, and edema in the external urethral sphincter and levator ani muscles, as well as the pubococcygeus [13,14,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The female rabbit is another well-suited organism to evaluate the anatomical organization and function of the pelvic floor and its PFM in reproductive contexts for biomedical interests [19][20][21][22][23]. Our workgroup has focused on the bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and pubococcygeus muscles (Pcm), given their contribution to urine storage and voiding [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our workgroup has focused on the bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and pubococcygeus muscles (Pcm), given their contribution to urine storage and voiding [19]. Findings from the Bsm and Pcm of pregnant, primiparous, and multiparous rabbits suggest that their differences in damage and recovery may underlie PFM functional plasticity at postpartum [21,23]. In addressing representative markers for muscle degeneration and regeneration at postpartum, we have reported elsewhere that muscle regeneration processes seem to recover Bsm faster than the Pcm in multiparous rabbits [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shift from Pro- to Anti-Inflammatory Phase in Pelvic Floor Muscles at Postpartum Matches Histological Signs of Regeneration in Multiparous Rabbits

Rodríguez-Benítez,

López-García,

Xelhuantzi

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) play a core role in defecation and micturition. Weakening of PFM underlies urogynecological disorders such as pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Vaginal delivery damages PFM. Muscle trauma implies an inflammatory response mediated by myeloid cells, essential for subsequent recovery. Molecular signaling characterizing the pro-inflammatory phase shifts M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, which modulate muscle repair. The present study aimed to evaluate histological characteristics and the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages in bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and pubococcygeus muscles (Pcm). Materials and Methods: Muscles from young nulliparous (N) and multiparous rabbits on postpartum days three (M3) and twenty (M20) were excised and histologically processed to measure the myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and count the centralized myonuclei in hematoxylin-eosinstained sections. Using immunohistochemistry, M1 and M2 macrophages were estimated in muscle sections. Kruskal–Wallis or one-way ANOVA testing, followed by post hoc tests, were conducted to identify significant differences (p < 0.05). Results: The myofiber CSA of both the Bsm and Pcm of the M3 group were more extensive than those of the N and M20 groups. Centralized myonuclei estimated in sections from both muscles of M20 rabbits were higher than those of N rabbits. Such histological outcomes matched significant increases in HLA-DR immunostaining in M3 rabbits with the CD206 immunostaining in muscle sections from M20 rabbits. Conclusions: A shift from the pro- to anti-inflammatory phase in the bulbospongiosus and pubococcygeus muscles of multiparous rabbits matches with centralized myonuclei, suggesting the ongoing regeneration of muscles.

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Signs of damage in pelvic floor muscles at the end of pregnancy in rabbits

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different positions during the use an innovative vaginal educator: Cross-sectional study

Electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different positions during the use an innovative vaginal educator: Cross-sectional study

Identification of potential associated factors for stress urinary incontinence in women: a retrospective study

Shift from Pro- to Anti-Inflammatory Phase in Pelvic Floor Muscles at Postpartum Matches Histological Signs of Regeneration in Multiparous Rabbits

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