Signs of sedentism and mobility in an agro-pastoral community during the Levantine Middle Bronze Age: Interpreting site function and occupation strategy at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 in Jordan

Berelov, Ilya

doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2005.09.001

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The abandonment of the olive groves indicated in the Kinneret record is consistent with the results by Neumann et al (2007a) based on the Birkat Ram record, which also show reduced human activities on the Golan Heights after the Early Bronze Age. Also, the chronologically well-dated Dead Sea pollen record as well as archaeological and archaeobotanical findings indicate a decline of olive cultivation along with a decrease of settlement density and economic activities in southern Israel by the Late Bronze Age (3,500-3,150 cal bp) (Fall et al 1998;Berelov 2006). Regional differences in timing of the population change cause this difference in date between the Galilee and Dead Sea regions.…”

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Schiebel

Litt

2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Lake Kinneret, also known as the Sea of Galilee and Lake Tiberias, is located in the northeast of Israel. At a lake level of 211 m b.s.l. (below mean sea level), the central basin is 43 m deep. The maximum length of the lake is 21 km (N-S) and its maximum width is 12 km (W-E). Lake Kinneret's surface area is 166 km 2 . A new 17.8 m long sedimentary core was drilled in 2010. Here, we present the entire palynological record from it, which covers the last ~ 9,000 years. Special emphasis is given to the natural and human-influenced vegetation history of Galilee in comparison to that of the more southerly Dead Sea region. Significant signs of human impact are the first Olea (olive) increase during the beginning of the Chalcolithic period between 7,000 and 6,500 years ago, as well as the prominent Olea phase during the Hellenistic/Roman/Byzantine period between 2,300 and 1,500 years ago. Mediterranean macchia and bathas scrub vegetation, as known in the area today, has developed in the southern Levant under human impact since the last ca. 1,500 years.

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Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Schiebel

Litt

2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…= .11 when the data are collapsed into two groups, < 1.5 m and > 1.5 m). In both periods there are a few house remains, but the generalized midden deposits within which both houses and pit features occur suggest there was little in the way of formalized spatial segregation of living, work, and trash-disposal areas within these sites, which would otherwise indicate permanent occupation of the degree evidenced by late prehistoric pueblos or other sedentary village sites (see Berelov 2006;Lightfoot 1984;Rocek 1995:224-225). In terms of most indicators of settlement and subsistence, then, the U.S. 70 Late Archaic and Formative-period sites would fall somewhere between highly mobile huntergatherers and fully sedentary farmers.…”

Section: A Case Study From Southern New Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Mobility or the Bow and Arrow? Another Look at “Expedient” Technologies and Sedentism

Railey¹

2010

Am. antiq.

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Parry and Kelly (1987) argued for a causal link between expedient technologies and sedentism, and their explanation has widely influenced lithic analysts. There are some problems with their explanation, however, including disconnects in the reported timing of the shifts to expedient technologies, agricultural intensification, and sedentism. On the other hand, across much of North America the transition to an expedient technology appears to correlate more closely to the arrival of the bow and arrow. This is supported by data from a large excavation project in southern New Mexico, which shows that indicators of the shift to an expedient technology cannot be attributed to reduced mobility or any observable changes in subsistence practices, but do appear to correlate temporally with the appearance of arrow points.

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“…The pottery excavated from ZAD 1 conforms with typological parallels from the Levantine Middle Bronze Age, with no material culture evidence indicative of earlier or subsequent periods. More specifically, stylistic distinctions between pottery in lower and upper stratified levels indicated phases of occupation in Middle Bronze I and II (Falconer in Edwards et al 2002a; Berelov 2006a:92, 2006b; Fall et al 2007). Spatial analysis of pottery deposition also suggested multiple phases of occupation in which some structures (e.g., at the northwestern end of ZAD 1) were occupied in Middle Bronze I, while others across the site were occupied in Middle Bronze I and II (Berelov 2006a, 2006b; Fall et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronologically diagnostic pottery from ZAD 1 includes vessel forms most closely paralleled in Middle Bronze I and II assemblages from sites across the Southern Levant (see discussions in Falconer in Edwards et al 2002a; Berelov 2006a:92, 2006b; Fall et al 2007). The ZAD 1 ceramics also have a dearth of transitional Early Bronze IV/Middle Bronze I forms (e.g., as seen in Tell el-Hayyat Phase 5; Falconer and Fall 2006:46–49) and lacks several hallmark Middle Bronze III types altogether (e.g., ovoid cooking pots, highly profiled jar and bowl rims, high-footed bowls or chalices; also seen in Tell el-Hayyat Phases 2 and 1; Falconer and Fall 2006:56–60).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Modeling of a Peripheral Middle Bronze Age Settlement at Zahrat Adh-Dhra‘ 1, Jordan

Fall,

Ridder,

Pilaar Birch

et al. 2023

Radiocarbon

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Analysis of 20 calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) ages reveals a chronology for the habitation of a unique peripheral settlement at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 (ZAD 1), Jordan during the Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Levant. Bayesian modeling distinguishes three phases of occupation between the first settlement at ZAD 1, perhaps as early as about 2050 cal BCE, and its abandonment by 1700 cal BCE. ZAD 1 represents a marginal community, both environmentally and culturally, on the hyperarid Dead Sea Plain, and exemplifies the peripheral settlements that are envisioned as important elements of Bronze Age Levantine society. Most importantly for this study, it is the only peripheral site in the Southern Levant that provides a Bayesian model for its habitation during the growth of Middle Bronze Age urbanized society. The timing of ZAD 1’s constituent phases, early in Middle Bronze I, across the Middle Bronze I/II transition and in Middle Bronze II, correspond well with emerging chronologies for the Middle Bronze Age, thereby contributing to an ongoing reassessment of regional social and settlement dynamics.

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Signs of sedentism and mobility in an agro-pastoral community during the Levantine Middle Bronze Age: Interpreting site function and occupation strategy at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 in Jordan

Cited by 24 publications

References 81 publications

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Reduced Mobility or the Bow and Arrow? Another Look at “Expedient” Technologies and Sedentism

Bayesian Modeling of a Peripheral Middle Bronze Age Settlement at Zahrat Adh-Dhra‘ 1, Jordan

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