Sika deer presence affects the host–parasite interface of a Japanese land leech

Morishima, Kaori; Nakano, Takafumi; Aizawa, Mineaki

doi:10.1002/ece3.6344

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Most of the known key threats to the species were being mitigated, and most wild ungulate populations were rapidly recovering. Dramatic increases in populations of wild ungulates brought a new ecological issue for wildlife ecologists and managers [18,80]. Actually, not only were wild boars easy to see in the Qinling Mountains, but golden takins and reeves muntjac had significantly increased their distributions, and it was possible to see tufted deer frequently near villages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Activity Patterns of Sympatric Wild Ungulates in Qinling Mountains, China

Xue

Liao

et al. 2022

Animals

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Dramatic increases in populations of wild ungulates have brought a new ecological issue in the Qinling mountains. Information on species’ niche differentiation will contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of coexistence, so as to ultimately benefit the conservation and management of ecological communities. In this study, camera trapping was used to investigate spatial and temporal activity patterns of sympatric wild ungulates in the Qinling Mountains of China, where top predators were virtually absent. We obtained 15,584 independent detections of seven wild ungulate species during 93,606 camera-trap days from April 2014 to October 2017. Results showed that (i) the capture rate differed significantly across species, with the capture rate of reeve muntjac being significantly higher than that of other species; (ii) the wild boar had a higher occupancy rates (ψ = 0.888) than other six ungulates, and distance to settlements had a negative relationship with wild boar (β = −0.24 ± 0.17); (iii) the forest musk deer and mainland serow had low spatial overlaps with other five wild ungulates, while spatial overlap indices of any two given pairs of wild ungulates were relatively high; (iv) all wild ungulates species (expect wild boar) were mainly active during crepuscular and diurnal periods, and showed bimodal activity peaks at around 05:00–07:00 and 17:00–19:00; and finally, (v) all wild ungulates showed moderate to high temporal overlaps. The results provided detailed information of the spatial and temporal ecology of wild ungulate communities in forest ecosystems of China, which also would be a guide to establish conservation priorities as well as efficient management programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Activity Patterns of Sympatric Wild Ungulates in Qinling Mountains, China

Xue

Liao

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The leeches were stored in 99.9% ethanol until iDNA isolation. The leeches were dissected as described by Morishima et al (2020). Then, iDNA was isolated from the undigested blood clots extracted from the seven dissected leech samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), including those deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers LC500158 (G-haplotype) and LC500159 (A-haplotype), were reused fromMorishima et al (2020).T A B L E 1 (Continued)…”

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confidence: 99%

Concordant genetic structures of sika deer and Japanese land leeches suggest that the current range expansion of Haemadipsa japonica is dependent on sika deer migration: A case study from Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

Morishima

Fukui

Aizawa

2022

Ecological Research

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Haemadipsa japonica is a Japanese land leech that feeds on the blood of host animals, mainly the sika deer (Cervus nippon). The distribution of H. japonica has expanded since the 1990s, possibly due to sika deer population increases.Haemadipsa japonica populations were found in the northern and southern regions of Tochigi Prefecture, central Japan. Previous investigations reported that these populations are genetically differentiated between the north and south, although the sika deer distribution extends throughout the northern and southern regions. We hypothesized that the migration of sika deer might be limited, thus maintaining the two H. japonica genetic groups and restricting its range expansion. We evaluated this hypothesis by investigating the genetic structure of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) of sika deer samples collected from Tochigi Prefecture and from H. japonica bloodmeal samples (invertebrate-derived DNA; iDNA). The sika deer mtDNA presented two haplotypes (G-and A-haplotypes) without a clear genetic structure. Conversely, the sika deer nSSR analysis indicated clear genetic differentiation between deer in the northern and southern regions, corresponding to the two H. japonica genetic groups. This indicates that sika deer movement is restricted to narrow regions in Tochigi Prefecture. Therefore, we conclude that the current H. japonica expansion in the prefecture likely depends on the migration of sika deer, only occurring within the northern and southern regions, even though this is driven by sika deer migration.

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“…The emerging molecular field of iDNA has contributed to the knowledge on leech diet and leech-derived iDNA is now used as a complementary tool to traditional vertebrate monitoring methods (Schnell et al, 2012;Ji et al, 2020). Such leechderived iDNA studies have focused almost exclusively on terrestrial bloodfeeding leeches, and in line with the geographical distribution of (Borda et al, 2008), they have been used to detect vertebrates in Asia (Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Japan), Africa (Madagascar) and Oceania (Australia and Tasmania) (Abrams et al, 2019;Drinkwater et al, 2018;Fahmy et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2020;Morishima et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2021;Schnell et al, 2018;Schnell et al, 2012;Tilker et al, 2020. As these haemadipsid leeches have an Indo-Pacific distribution, if iDNA from leeches is to be used for vertebrate monitoring elsewhere in the world, the vertebrate dietary range of non-haemadipsid leeches will need to be assessed, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of aquatic haematophagous, liquidosomatophagous and macrophagous leeches as a tool for iDNA characterisation

Lynggaard

Oceguera‐Figueroa²,

Kvist³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Leeches play important roles in food webs due to their abundance, diversity and feeding habits. Studies using invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) extracted from leech gut contents to target vertebrate DNA have focused on the Indo-Pacific region and mainly leveraged the leech family Haemadipsidae, composed of haematophagous terrestrial leeches, while the aquatic haematophagous, liquidosomatophagous and macrophagous counterparts have largely been disregarded. While there is general knowledge regarding the taxonomic groups that leeches prefer to feed on, detailed taxonomic resolution is still missing and therefore, their potential use for monitoring animals is not known. In this study, 116 non-haemadipsid leeches belonging to 12 species and spanning the three feeding habits were collected in Mexico and Canada. We used DNA metabarcoding to investigate their diet and assess their potential use for vertebrate monitoring. We detected vertebrate taxa from five orders including fish, turtles and birds in the diet of the aquatic haematophagous leeches; eight invertebrate orders of annelids, arthropods and molluscs in the liquidosomatophagous leeches; and ten orders of invertebrates belonging to Arthropoda and Annelida, as well as one vertebrate and one parasitic nematode, in the macrophagous leeches. These results show the potential use of iDNA from the gut content of aquatic haematophagous leeches for retrieving vertebrate taxa, and from macrophagous and liquidosomatophagous counterparts for invertebrates. Our study provides information about the dietary range of the freshwater leeches and the non-haemadipsid terrestrial leech and proof-of-concept for the use of non-haemadipsid leeches for animal monitoring, expanding our knowledge of the use of iDNA from leech gut contents to North America.

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Sika deer presence affects the host–parasite interface of a Japanese land leech

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Temporal and Spatial Activity Patterns of Sympatric Wild Ungulates in Qinling Mountains, China

Temporal and Spatial Activity Patterns of Sympatric Wild Ungulates in Qinling Mountains, China

Concordant genetic structures of sika deer and Japanese land leeches suggest that the current range expansion of Haemadipsa japonica is dependent on sika deer migration: A case study from Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

The potential of aquatic haematophagous, liquidosomatophagous and macrophagous leeches as a tool for iDNA characterisation

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