Silage Corn

Lauer, Joseph G.; Coors, J. G.

doi:10.1201/9781420038569.ch13

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In addition, average increments in aNDF om , ADF om and lignin(sa) of about 15%, 25% and 30% were measured in peripheral samples compared to core samples. Similar observations were recently reported by the extension service of Wisconsin, 37 where fibre fractions seemed to increase by 15-25% when moving from good to poor-quality corn silages. Despite the fact that amylolytic activity of collected samples was not measured, we hypothesized that the lower starch content in the peripheral part could be imputed to the growth of bacteria, yeasts and fungi with starch-degrading activity, 38,39 thus modifying the proportion of chemical constituents.…”

Section: Corn Silage Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

New assessment based on the use of principal factor analysis to investigate corn silage quality from nutritional traits, fermentation end products and mycotoxins

et al. 2015

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Section: Corn Silage Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

New assessment based on the use of principal factor analysis to investigate corn silage quality from nutritional traits, fermentation end products and mycotoxins

et al. 2015

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“…Oba and Allen, (1999a) stated that among available BMR corn hybrids, homozygous bm3 was credited for significant improvement in milk production of 4-5 lbs/cow/day. Using the brown midrib lignin mutant (bm3), breeding for greater forage digestibility has failed because of the unfavorable correlations between key agronomic variables (Coors et al, 1994). Among commercial BMR corn lines, the Bovalta ™ BMR corn hybrid developed by Pioneer has good agronomic characteristics like improved standability and tolerance to foliar diseases.…”

Section: Crude Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several genetic approaches are available for enhancing the digestibility of forage maize, including 1) using known mutants of the lignin pathway; 2) manipulating genes in the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose pathways via genetic engineering; and 3) breeding for lower fiber and lignin concentrations with conventional methods or MAS. For example, breeding for higher forage digestibility using the brown midrib lignin mutant (bm3) has proven unsuccessful due to the undesirable correlated effects of these genotypes on important agronomic traits (Coors et al, 1994). Hence, modern biotechnological tools such as CRISPR/Cas 9, RNAi, TALENs, and ZFNs can be used for site-directed mutagenesis to either knock out genes or perform base editing (Figures 2, 4) (Premnath et al, 2022).…”

Section: Biotechnological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement

et al. 2023

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Maize is recognized as the queen of cereals, with an ability to adapt to diverse agroecologies (from 58oN to 55oS latitude) and the highest genetic yield potential among cereals. Under contemporary conditions of global climate change, C4 maize crops offer resilience and sustainability to ensure food, nutritional security, and farmer livelihood. In the northwestern plains of India, maize is an important alternative to paddy for crop diversification in the wake of depleting water resources, reduced farm diversity, nutrient mining, and environmental pollution due to paddy straw burning. Owing to its quick growth, high biomass, good palatability, and absence of anti-nutritional components, maize is also one of the most nutritious non-legume green fodders. It is a high-energy, low-protein forage commonly used for dairy animals like cows and buffalos, often in combination with a complementary high-protein forage such as alfalfa. Maize is also preferred for silage over other fodders due to its softness, high starch content, and sufficient soluble sugars required for proper ensiling. With a rapid population increase in developing countries like China and India, there is an upsurge in meat consumption and, hence, the requirement for animal feed, which entails high usage of maize. The global maize silage market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.84% from 2021 to 2030. Factors such as increasing demand for sustainable and environment-friendly food sources coupled with rising health awareness are fueling this growth. With the dairy sector growing at about 4%–5% and the increasing shortage faced for fodder, demand for silage maize is expected to increase worldwide. The progress in improved mechanization for the provision of silage maize, reduced labor demand, lack of moisture-related marketing issues as associated with grain maize, early vacancy of farms for next crops, and easy and economical form of feed to sustain household dairy sector make maize silage a profitable venture. However, sustaining the profitability of this enterprise requires the development of hybrids specific for silage production. Little attention has yet been paid to breeding for a plant ideotype for silage with specific consideration of traits such as dry matter yield, nutrient yield, energy in organic matter, genetic architecture of cell wall components determining their digestibility, stalk standability, maturity span, and losses during ensiling. This review explores the available information on the underlying genetic mechanisms and gene/gene families impacting silage yield and quality. The trade-offs between yield and nutritive value in relation to crop duration are also discussed. Based on available genetic information on inheritance and molecular aspects, breeding strategies are proposed to develop maize ideotypes for silage for the development of sustainable animal husbandry.

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“…The assessment of the dry matter content of maize crops often uses the "milk line" assessment of long-lived grains (Crookston and Kurle, 1988) and was developed by Wiersma et al (1993). The accuracy in the dry matter content estimation is low for this method (Wiersma et al, 1993;Lauer, 1998). Determining the actual dry matter content of whole silage maize plants is mechanically demanding for sample preparation and processing, but it provides a reasonably accurate and standard basis for dry matter content assessment and for assessment of nutrient composition (starch, NDF, NDF digestibility, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silage maturity of maize in a foothill area with NIRS method support – part II

Mitrík,

Mitrík

2023

Acta fytotechn zootechn

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The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the relationships between dry matter content and key energy nutrients (watersoluble carbohydrates and starch) in silage maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) during vegetation development in the foothills of Slovakia. This work summarises the results of 9 experiments carried out at three locations (2016 to 2021: 140 different hybrids; 1,320 measured samples). Dry matter content was determined by a combination of gravimetric determination and measurement of water content in dried samples using the NIRS method (prediction model R 2 0.987). We also determined the content of water soluble carbohydrates (prediction model R 2 0.994) and starch (prediction model R 2 0.978) in dry matter using the NIRS method. Using 3 rd and 4 th degree polynomial models, we evaluated the contents of these nutrients at a dry matter content level of 300 g.kg -1 , which we can consider as a basic starting point for reaching maize silage maturity. Across individual years, and across groups of hybrids grouped according to silage maturity determined by dry matter content, water soluble sugar content reached 140 g.kg -1 of dry matter and starch content reached 280 g.kg -1 of dry matter at a dry matter content of 300 g.kg -1 . We found the lowest variation coefficient (7.53%) when evaluating the relationship between dry matter and the sum of water-soluble carbohydrates together with starch. We suggest using this parameter as a second criterion for determining silage maturity, and also for classifying hybrids in silage maturity groups with rounding to a ten day period.

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Silage Corn

Cited by 4 publications

References 189 publications

New assessment based on the use of principal factor analysis to investigate corn silage quality from nutritional traits, fermentation end products and mycotoxins

New assessment based on the use of principal factor analysis to investigate corn silage quality from nutritional traits, fermentation end products and mycotoxins

Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement

Silage maturity of maize in a foothill area with NIRS method support – part II

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