Silence, Power, and Inequality: An Intersectional Approach to Sexual Violence

Armstrong, Elizabeth A.; Gleckman-Krut, Miriam; Johnson, Lanora

doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041410

Cited by 178 publications

(136 citation statements)

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“…Our conceptualization of sexual victimization is commensurate with recent work that considered both narrow and broad ways of defining sexual victimization and recognized that "there are not absolute guidelines" for operationalizing sexual victimization and "any approach has advantages and disadvantages" (Muehlenhard, Peterson, Humphreys, & Jozkowski, 2017, p. 550; see also Armstrong, Gleckman-Krut, & Johnson, 2018). With this in mind, two questions that focus on the interviewee's experience of sexual victimization by other prisoners are central to the analysis presented here.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

2019

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In this article, we conjoin two long‐standing lines of inquiry in criminology—the study of prison life and the study of sexual assault—by using original qualitative and quantitative data from 315 transgender women incarcerated in 27 California men's prisons. In so doing, we advance an analysis of the factors and processes that shape their experience of sexual victimization in prison. The results of qualitative analysis of 198 reported incidents of sexual victimization exhibit a range of types of sexual victimization experienced by transgender women in prison and reveal the centrality of relationships to their experiences of victimization. Findings from logistic regression models buttress the qualitative results, highlighting a factor that consistently and powerfully indicates vulnerability to sexual victimization is involvement in consensual sexual relationships with male prisoners. Together, the data demonstrate the prominence of intimate partner violence in prison, complicate the distinction between consent and unwanted sexual experiences in the lives of transgender women in prisons for men, and shine a light on the workings of gender in a total institution that privileges heteronormativity at the expense of the safety of transgender women in prisons for men. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of timely policy concerns.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Attending to this reality in our conceptualization of sexual victimization enables us to address an important concern raised by Armstrong et al. () in their recent review of the literature on sexual violence: Researchers have produced problematic research to the degree they only narrowly define sexual violence.…”

Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

2019

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“…Although it began as a legal argument, the concept of intersectionality—that one must consider the whole of a person's identities to best understand their experiences—has expanded into numerous academic and applied disciplines, including psychology (Else‐Quest & Hyde, ; Rosenthal, ; Williams & Fredrick, ), public health (Bowleg, ; Goodin et al, ), and even the common vernacular, as it was added to Webster's Dictionary in 2017 (Merriam‐Webster, ). Accordingly, researchers have recently used an intersectional approach to study discrimination (e.g., Lewis & Van Dyke, ; Liu & Wong, ; Sugarman et al, ), sexual and domestic violence (e.g., Armstrong, Gleckman‐Krut, & Johnson, ; Conwill, ; Powell, Hlavka, & Mulla, ), as well as physical and mental health (e.g., Dlugonski, Martin, Mailey, & Pineda, ; Goodin et al, ; Lewis & Van Dyke, ; Velez, Moradi, & DeBlaere, ), among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative consequences of stigma: Possessing multiple concealable stigmatized identities is associated with worse quality of life

Reinka

Pan-Weisz

Lawner

et al. 2020

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Large health disparities exist between stigmatized and nonstigmatized groups. In addition to experiencing and anticipating greater discrimination, members of stigmatized groups also tend to demonstrate greater ruminative tendencies in response, which may lead to these poor health outcomes. Even among stigmatized groups, differences in the visibility of stigma lead to different mechanisms through which stigma takes its toll. Previous work has primarily focused on the impact of belonging to a single marginalized group; however, people often belong to multiple marginalized groups, and this likely affects both their health outcomes and their anticipation of stigma. In the current study, we focused on individuals with concealable stigmatized identities (CSIs)—socially stigmatized identities that are not immediately apparent to others—and created a measure of concealable marginalization that captures multiple group memberships. We predicted that those possessing a greater number of CSIs would anticipate more stigma from others, and, in turn, ruminate more about the stigma, which would negatively impact the health. Surveying N = 288 adults with CSIs, we found that possessing a greater number of marginalized concealable identities predicted worse self‐reported physical quality of life. These relationships were partially mediated by greater anticipated stigma and brooding rumination in regard to their CSI. This work illuminates a more complete picture of how living with CSIs can take its toll on health.

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“…The sexual moment, as it is imagined in the pages of popular men's magazines (Waling 2017), is fraught with fears that align with feminist discourses about sexual harassment and violence (Hester, Kelly, and Radford 1996;Lloyd 1991;MacKinnon 1979;Armstrong, Gleckman-Krut, and Johnson 2018). Beyond the goal of sex, this moment also offers an opportunity for men to manage their sexual reputations (Plante and Fine 2017) and grapple with modern concepts of the masculine self and, predictably, the idealized self is marked by heteronormative constructs of masculinity that devalue perceived feminine behavior.…”

Section: Working Paper Clareforstie@farmingdaleedumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sociologists (Dunn 1999;Smith and Morra 1994;Uggen and Blackstone 2004;Seal and Ehrhardt 2003;Emerson, Ferris, and Gardner 1998;Williams, Giuffre, and Dellinger 1999;Armstrong, Gleckman-Krut, and Johnson 2018) Many forms of what comes to be identified as stalking grow out of glitches and discontinuities in two very common and normal relationship processes-coming together and forming new relationships on the one hand, and dissolving and getting out of existing relationships on the other. In this way the processes and experience of being stalked are intricately linked to normal, everyday practices for establishing, advancing, and ending relationships.…”

Section: Clare Forstiementioning

confidence: 99%

“That’s creepy, dude": Disciplining desire and making masculine selves in the sexual moment

Forstie¹

2018

Preprint

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How do men negotiate the boundary between romantic and creepy behavior in initial, sexualized interactions with women? In this paper, I argue that the discourse of "the creep," a stigmatized sexual figure, functions as a disciplinary mechanism that both creates and limits men's desire and sense of self in the tense initiation of a sexual moment. My analysis of 244 articles from 3 popular men's magazines suggests that an idealized sexual moment, as it is imagined in the pages of popular men's magazines, is fraught with the risk of miscommunication and the potential for failure. The figure of the creep on the cusp of a sexual moment signals a tension in the masculine self that, if resolved successfully, produce a particular heterosexual masculinity and access to women's bodies in an idealized sexual interaction. Furthermore, the discourse of the creep helps men manage these risks as they relate to feminist discourses about sexual harassment and violence. Ultimately, analyzing popular discourses of the creep reveals a set of cultural tensions threaded through heterosexual men's romantic interactions. IntroductionIn the current #MeToo moment, men 1 seem newly mystified about interactions with women and are continuing to ask questions about how to navigate dating and sex with women.As a recent Esquire article noted, "So as a new year begins, we hold this truth to be self-evident:When it comes to the pursuit of happiness, all men may not be equal creeps, but everyone is suspect" (Esquire 2018). Whole industries have emerged to help heterosexual, cisgender men navi-1 While men's magazines and research on gender are generally not explicit about men's gender identities, in this article, I assume that the men being discussed are cisgender men, or men whose gender identities align with the gender they were assigned at birth. How the discourse of the creep circulates, for example, in heterosexual relationships between trans men and trans or cis women, or in relationships between cis, trans, and nonbinary people are topics to be explored in future research.

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Silence, Power, and Inequality: An Intersectional Approach to Sexual Violence

Cited by 178 publications

References 141 publications

Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context

Cumulative consequences of stigma: Possessing multiple concealable stigmatized identities is associated with worse quality of life

“That’s creepy, dude": Disciplining desire and making masculine selves in the sexual moment

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