Silencing of a metaphase I-specific gene results in a phenotype similar to that of the Pairing homeologous 1 (
            <i>Ph1</i>
            ) gene mutations

Bhullar, Ramanjot K; Nagarajan, R.; Bennypaul, Harvinder; Sidhu, Gaganpreet; Sidhu, Gaganjot; Rustgi, Sachin; Wettstein, Diter von; Gill, Kulvinder S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1416241111

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition to the CDK-like cluster, another gene, C-Ph1, has been identified at the Ph1 locus, adding further complexity (Bhullar et al, 2014). Functional analysis of a putative Arabidopsis ortholog of C-Ph1 using RNA interference resulted in a phenotype reminiscent of the wheat ph1 mutant.…”

Section: Meiosis In Allopolyploid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Manipulating Meiotic Recombination in Plants

2017

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Meiosis is a specialized cell division, essential in most reproducing organisms to halve the number of chromosomes, thereby enabling the restoration of ploidy levels during fertilization. A key step of meiosis is homologous recombination, which promotes homologous pairing and generates crossovers (COs) to connect homologous chromosomes until their separation at anaphase I. These CO sites, seen cytologically as chiasmata, represent a reciprocal exchange of genetic information between two homologous nonsister chromatids. This gene reshuffling during meiosis has a significant influence on evolution and also plays an essential role in plant breeding, because a successful breeding program depends on the ability to bring the desired combinations of alleles on chromosomes. However, the number and distribution of COs during meiosis is highly constrained. There is at least one CO per chromosome pair to ensure accurate segregation of homologs, but in most organisms, the CO number rarely exceeds three regardless of chromosome size. Moreover, their positions are not random on chromosomes but exhibit regional preference. Thus, genes in recombination-poor regions tend to be inherited together, hindering the generation of novel allelic combinations that could be exploited by breeding programs. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding meiotic recombination. In particular, many genes involved in the process in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been identified and analyzed. With the coming challenges of food security and climate change, and our enhanced knowledge of how COs are formed, the interest and needs in manipulating CO formation are greater than ever before. In this review, we focus on advances in understanding meiotic recombination and then summarize the attempts to manipulate CO formation. Last, we pay special attention to the meiotic recombination in polyploidy, which is a common genomic feature for many crop plants.

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Section: Meiosis In Allopolyploid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Manipulating Meiotic Recombination in Plants

2017

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“…Of several loci mapped in bread wheat that prevent homeologous pairing, Ph1 has the largest effect and is the best understood (Sears, 1976;Prieto et al, 2004;Griffiths et al, 2006;Colas et al, 2008;Moore & Shaw, 2009;Bhullar et al, 2014;Rey & Prieto, 2014). The Ph1 allele that confers preferential pairing appears to have arisen concomitantly with polyploidization (Moore & Shaw, 2009).…”

Section: Adaptation To Wgd In Allopolyploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiosis evolves: adaptation to external and internal environments

2015

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306I.306II.307III.312IV.317V.318319References319 Summary Meiosis is essential for the fertility of most eukaryotes and its structures and progression are conserved across kingdoms. Yet many of its core proteins show evidence of rapid or adaptive evolution. What drives the evolution of meiosis proteins? How can constrained meiotic processes be modified in response to challenges without compromising their essential functions? In surveying the literature, we found evidence of two especially potent challenges to meiotic chromosome segregation that probably necessitate adaptive evolutionary responses: whole‐genome duplication and abiotic environment, especially temperature. Evolutionary solutions to both kinds of challenge are likely to involve modification of homologous recombination and synapsis, probably via adjustments of core structural components important in meiosis I. Synthesizing these findings with broader patterns of meiosis gene evolution suggests that the structural components of meiosis coevolve as adaptive modules that may change in primary sequence and function while maintaining three‐dimensional structures and protein interactions. The often sharp divergence of these genes among species probably reflects periodic modification of entire multiprotein complexes driven by genomic or environmental changes. We suggest that the pressures that cause meiosis to evolve to maintain fertility may cause pleiotropic alterations of global crossover rates. We highlight several important areas for future research.

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“…In the absence of Ph1, pairing and recombination between homoeologous chromosomes is frequent, facilitating introgressive hybridization. If the constitutive deletion of Ph1 can over time lead to rearranged chromosomes in the genome, the knock-down of these genes, for example using RNA interference (RNAi) would bring great benefits for plant breeding [126].…”

Section: The Control Of Genetic Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%