Silencing of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase via virus induced gene silencing promotes callose deposition in plant phloem

Killiny, Nabil; Jones, Shelley E.; Gonzalez-Blanco, Pedro

doi:10.1080/15592324.2021.2024733

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It should be noted that the enhanced production of callose and phloem proteins in the susceptible plants is purely a mechanical response: it chokes off the transport of nutrients and other vital molecules and at the same time, does not prevent the spread of CaLas. Killiny et al (2022) suggested that the increased ROS could be one of the factors affecting callose deposition as reported for CaLas-infected citrus trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)

et al. 2022

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The Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) is tolerant to Huanglongbing (HLB; Citrus greening). This species can be utilized to develop HLB tolerant citrus cultivars through conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches. In this report, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data following a non-choice infection assay to understand the CaLas tolerance mechanisms in the finger lime. After filtering 3,768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2,396 were downregulated and 1,372 were upregulated in CaLas-infected finger lime compared to CaLas-infected HLB-susceptible ‘Valencia’ sweet orange. Comparative analyses revealed several DEGs belonging to cell wall, β-glucanase, proteolysis, R genes, signaling, redox state, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, secondary metabolites, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins categories. Our results indicate that the finger lime has evolved specific redox control systems to mitigate the reactive oxygen species and modulate the plant defense response. We also identified candidate genes responsible for the production of Cys-rich secretory proteins and Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1-like) proteins that are highly upregulated in infected finger lime relative to noninfected and infected ‘Valencia’ sweet orange. Additionally, the anatomical analysis of phloem and stem tissues in finger lime and ‘Valencia’ suggested better regeneration of phloem tissues in finger lime in response to HLB infection. Analysis of callose formation following infection revealed a significant difference in the production of callose plugs between the stem phloem of CaLas+ ‘Valencia’ sweet orange and finger lime. Understanding the mechanism of resistance will help the scientific community design strategies to protect trees from CaLas infection and assist citrus breeders in developing durable HLB tolerant citrus varieties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)

et al. 2022

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“…It does this by combining two molecules of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), which results in the formation of the pyrrole, porphobilinogen. Porphobilinogen is an essential plant pigment precursor engaged in photosynthesis, light-sensing, respiration, and the intake of nutrients [222]. It has been observed that As can impede ALAD [223].…”

Section: Arsenic Stress and The Photosynthetic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Impacts of Arsenic on Plants and Mitigation Strategies

Sinha

Datta

Mishra

et al. 2023

Plants

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Arsenic (As) is a metalloid prevalent mainly in soil and water. The presence of As above permissible levels becomes toxic and detrimental to living organisms, therefore, making it a significant global concern. Humans can absorb As through drinking polluted water and consuming As-contaminated food material grown in soil having As problems. Since human beings are mobile organisms, they can use clean uncontaminated water and food found through various channels or switch from an As-contaminated area to a clean area; but plants are sessile and obtain As along with essential minerals and water through roots that make them more susceptible to arsenic poisoning and consequent stress. Arsenic and phosphorus have many similarities in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics, and they commonly compete to cause physiological anomalies in biological systems that contribute to further stress. Initial indicators of arsenic’s propensity to induce toxicity in plants are a decrease in yield and a loss in plant biomass. This is accompanied by considerable physiological alterations; including instant oxidative surge; followed by essential biomolecule oxidation. These variables ultimately result in cell permeability and an electrolyte imbalance. In addition, arsenic disturbs the nucleic acids, the transcription process, and the essential enzymes engaged with the plant system’s primary metabolic pathways. To lessen As absorption by plants, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed which include agronomic practices, plant breeding, genetic manipulation, computer-aided modeling, biochemical techniques, and the altering of human approaches regarding consumption and pollution, and in these ways, increased awareness may be generated. These mitigation strategies will further help in ensuring good health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article summarises the nature of the impact of arsenic on plants, the physio-biochemical mechanisms evolved to cope with As stress, and the mitigation measures that can be employed to eliminate the negative effects of As.

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“…The advances that were enabled by plant viral vectors were enabled by the ability of such vectors to derive high levels of gene expression in plants over a short period of time without integration, because of the autonomous replication ability and mobility of these vectors in the infected plants [6]. Many plant viruses, such as tobacco rattle virus (TRV); tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); and potato virus X (PVX), have been successfully applied to express foreign proteins in a wide range of plant taxa [6][7][8]. However, these advances are handicapped by limited cargo capacity, which is typically <1 kb, precluding the use of these vectors for the delivery of full-length gene coding sequences and largely limiting their use to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in plants [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Rapid Subcellular Localization and Gene Function Analysis in Cotton Based on Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus

Chen

Huang

Luo

et al. 2022

Plants

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The difficulty of genetic transformation has restricted research on functional genomics in cotton. Thus, a rapid and efficient method for gene overexpression that does not rely on genetic transformation is needed. Virus-based vectors offer a reasonable alternative for protein expression, as viruses can infect the host systemically to achieve expression and replication without transgene integration. Previously, a novel four-component Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) was reported to overexpress large fragments of target genes in plants over a long period of time, which greatly simplified the study of gene overexpression. However, whether this system can infect cotton and stably overexpress target genes has not yet been studied. In this study, we verified that this new BSMV system can infect cotton through seed imbibition and systemically overexpress large fragments of genes (up to 2340 bp) in cotton. The target gene that was fused with GFP was expressed at a high level in the roots, stems, and cotyledons of cotton seedlings, and stable fluorescence signals were detected in the cotton roots and leaves even after 4 weeks. Based on the BSMV overexpression system, the subcellular localization marker line of endogenous proteins localized in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, Golgi body, mitochondria, peroxisomes, tonoplast, and plastids were quickly established. The overexpression of a cotton Bile Acid Sodium Symporter GhBASS5 using the BSMV system indicated that GhBASS5 negatively regulated salt tolerance in cotton by transporting Na+ from underground to the shoots. Furthermore, multiple proteins were co-delivered, enabling co-localization and the study of protein–protein interactions through co-transformation. We also confirmed that the BSMV system can be used to conduct DNA-free gene editing in cotton by delivering split-SpCas9/sgRNA. Ultimately, the present work demonstrated that this BSMV system could be used as an efficient overexpression system for future cotton gene function research.

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Silencing of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase via virus induced gene silencing promotes callose deposition in plant phloem

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)

Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)

Negative Impacts of Arsenic on Plants and Mitigation Strategies

A New Method for Rapid Subcellular Localization and Gene Function Analysis in Cotton Based on Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus

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