Silibinin – A Promising New Treatment for Cancer

Cheung, Catherine; Gibbons, Norma; Johnson, David W.; Nicol, David

doi:10.2174/1871520611009030186

Cited by 160 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It has demonstrated potential clinical applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neurotoxic related diseases, diabetes mellitus, Amanita mushroom poisoning, several types of nephrotoxicity, alcoholic liver cirrhosis and various forms of in vitro and in vivo cancer models [3–6]. SB, as the main constituent of silymarin, is obtained from the medicinal plant silybum marianum (milk thistle) and has been used for centuries to treat liver disorders due to its potent hepatoprotective effect [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro drug release characteristic and cytotoxic activity of silibinin-loaded single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with biocompatible polymers

Tan

Karthivashan

Gani

et al. 2016

Chemistry Central Journal

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In this paper, we demonstrate the preparation of silibinin-loaded carbon nanotubes (SWSB) with surface coating agents via non-covalent approach as an effective drug delivery system. The resulting surface-coated SWSB nanocomposites are extensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The FTIR and Raman studies show that an additional layer is formed by these coating agents in the prepared nanocomposites during the coating treatment and these results are confirmed by FESEM. Drug loading and release profiles of the coated SWSB nanocomposites in phosphate buffered saline solution at pH 7.4 is evaluated by UV–Vis spectrometry. The in vitro results indicate that the surface-modified nanocomposites, with SB loading of 45 wt%, altered the initial burst and thus, resulted in a more prolonged and sustained release of SB. In addition, these nanocomposites exhibit a pseudo-second-order release kinetic which was driven by the ion exchange between the ionized SWSB and the anions in the release medium. The cytotoxicity effect of the resulting nanocomposites on normal mouse fibroblast cells is evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It is observed that the surfactant and polymer coating improved the biocompatibility of the SWSB nanocomposites significantly, which deem further exploitation for their application as potential anticancer drug delivery system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro drug release characteristic and cytotoxic activity of silibinin-loaded single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with biocompatible polymers

Tan

Karthivashan

Gani

et al. 2016

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…In vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that some natural compounds could exert antitumor effects such as inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, delaying metastasis, and improving sensitivity of certain chemical drugs; hence, extracting low toxicity natural drug compounds from plants that could inhibit mitosis of tumor cells and cell growth signaling pathways has become a hot research topic recently, and SIL is one of them 10–12. Recent studies have found that SIL has strong antitumor activities toward a variety of epithelium-derived tumors, such as prostate,2 colon,1 bladder,13 breast,14 ovarian,15 and lung cancers 3,4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of silibinin on proliferation and lung metastasis of human high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma via autophagy induction

Jiang¹,

Jin²,

Jiang³

et al. 2016

OTT

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ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanisms and effects of silibinin (SIL) on the proliferation and lung metastasis of human lung high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC-M).MethodsA methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was performed to detect the inhibitory effects of SIL on the proliferation of ACC-M cells in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the autophagic process. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of microtube-related protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3). An experimental adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) lung metastasis model was established in nude mice to detect the impacts of SIL on lung weight and lung cancer nodules. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of LC3 in human ACC samples and normal salivary gland tissue samples.ResultsSIL inhibited the proliferation of ACC-M cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and inductively increased the autophagic bodies in ACC-M cells. Furthermore, SIL could increase the expression of LC3 in ACC-M cells and promote the conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the ACC lung metastasis model, the lung weight and left and right lung nodules in the SIL-treated group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expressions of LC3-I and LC3-II as well as the positive expression rate of LC3 (80%) significantly increased, but the positive expression of LC3 in human ACC (42.22%) reduced significantly.ConclusionSIL could inhibit the proliferation and lung metastasis of ACC-M cells by possibly inducing tumor cells autophagy.

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“…Protective effects of silymarin against nephrotoxic drugs including chloroform and ferric nitrilotriacetate have been reported [15]. Silymarin also prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury and morphology changes in Sprague-Dawley rats, and has exhibited anticancer activities against renal cell carcinoma [161718]. Possible mechanisms for the anticancer effects of silymarin include inhibition of cell proliferation, enhancement of apoptosis, decrease of angiogenesis, and blockage of cell cycle regulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of ERK1/2 by silymarin in mouse mesangial cells

Youn

Cho

Lee

et al. 2017

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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The present study aimed to show that pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-1β] synergistically induce the production of nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse mesangial cells, which play an important role in inflammatory glomerular injury. We also found that co-treatment with cytokines at low doses (TNF-α; 5 ng/ml, IFN-γ; 5 ng/ml, and IL-1β; 1.25 U/ml) synergistically induced NO production, whereas treatment with each cytokine alone did not increase NO production at doses up to 100 ng/ml or 50 U/ml. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), attenuates cytokine mixture (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β)-induced NO production. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that silymarin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Silymarin also inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Collectively, we have demonstrated that silymarin inhibits NO production in mouse mesangial cells, and may act as a useful anti-inflammatory agent.

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Silibinin – A Promising New Treatment for Cancer

Cited by 160 publications

References 70 publications

In vitro drug release characteristic and cytotoxic activity of silibinin-loaded single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with biocompatible polymers

In vitro drug release characteristic and cytotoxic activity of silibinin-loaded single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with biocompatible polymers

Inhibitory effects of silibinin on proliferation and lung metastasis of human high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma via autophagy induction

Inhibition of ERK1/2 by silymarin in mouse mesangial cells

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