Silica-Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Brief Review

Pillared Bentonite Materials as Potential Solid Acid Catalyst for Diethyl Ether Synthesis: A Brief Review

“…The advantages of heterogeneous acid catalysts over homogeneous catalysts include ease of separation, non-corrosiveness, non-toxicity, cost-effective purification, and environmental friendliness. 18) Various heterogeneous acid catalysts for diethyl ether formation have been reported, including metal oxides, zeolites, alumina, silica-alumina, supported phosphoric acid, and hetero-polyacid catalysts. Previous researchers have yet to extensively explore using bentonite-based materials as heterogeneous catalysts in producing ether-based fuels, providing an opportunity for further investigation.…”

Preparation of Zirconium Nitride supported on SiO2 Catalyst for Vegetable Oil Conversion

“…Silica is one of the prospective supported catalysts that provide advantages such as high surface area, thermally stable, and non-toxic. This material can be comfortably modified and functionalized by other compounds to increase catalytic activity [8]. NiMo/SiO2 modified induced by NaHCO3 has been successfully prepared, affording 68.57 wt% of a liquid product at an optimum condition of 475 C with a catalyst-to-oil ratio of 1% [9].…”