Silica-based planar lightwave circuits

Himeno, A.; Kato, Kazutoshi; Miya, T.

doi:10.1109/2944.736076

Cited by 210 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We used a 1 Gbit s −1 pseudo-random bit sequence with a length of 2 7 − 1 generated by a data generator (Tektronix DG2040) as the phase modulation signal. After appropriate attenuation, the pulse train was sent to Bob's site through a fibre, where a 1-bit delay interferometer based on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology [33] was installed. The insertion loss of the interferometer was 2.5 dB, and the extinction ratio was >20 dB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment over 105 km fibre

et al. 2005

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Abstract. We report a quantum key distribution experiment based on the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) protocol with a Poissonian photon source, in which secure keys were generated over >100 km fibre for the first time. We analysed the security of the DPSK protocol and showed that it is robust against strong attacks by Eve, including a photon number splitting attack. To implement this protocol, we developed a new detector for the 1.5 µm band based on frequency up-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide followed by an Si avalanche photodiode. The use of detectors increased the sifted key generation rate up to >1 Mbit s −1 over 30 km fibre, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the previous record. Contents

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment over 105 km fibre

et al. 2005

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“…[29]. The AMZIs, which are 4.9 × 8.9 cm 2 , were fabricated on a silica-based PLC platform [30]. They each have a 5-ns delay in one of their arms and an excess optical loss of <1.5 dB.…”

Section: Plc-based One-way Qkd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Way Quantum Key Distribution System Based on Planar Lightwave Circuits

Nambu

Yoshino

Tomita³

2006

jjap

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We developed a one-way quantum key distribution (QKD) system based upon a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) interferometer. This interferometer is expected to be free from the backscattering inherent in commercially available two-way QKD systems and phase drift without active compensation. A key distribution experiment with spools of standard telecom fiber showed that the bit error rate was as low as 6% for a 100-km key distribution using an attenuated laser pulse with a mean photon number of 0.1 and was determined solely by the detector noise. This clearly demonstrates the advantages of our PLC-based one-way QKD system over two-way QKD systems for long distance key distribution.

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“…1(b). The device, made with planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology [27,28], comprises an array of 30 silica-on-silicon waveguide directional couplers with 30 electronically controlled thermo-optic phase shifters, to form a cascade of 15 MZIs across six modes (see Appendix for further details). Such an LPU can implement any LO protocol, and here we focus on several protocols at the forefront of quantum information science and technology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Universal linear optics

Carolan

Harrold

Sparrow

et al. 2015

Science

1,002

899

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Linear optics underpins tests of fundamental quantum mechanics and computer science, as well as quantum technologies. Here we experimentally demonstrate the longstanding goal of a single reprogrammable optical circuit that is sufficient to implement all possible linear optical protocols up to the size of that circuit. Our six-mode universal system consists of a cascade of 15 MachZehnder interferometers with 30 thermo-optic phase shifters integrated into a single photonic chip that is electrically and optically interfaced for arbitrary setting of all phase shifters, input of up to six photons and their measurement with a 12 single-photon detector system. We programmed this system to implement heralded quantum logic and entangling gates, boson sampling with verification tests, and six-dimensional complex Hadamards. We implemented 100 Haar random unitaries with average fidelity 0.999 ± 0.001. Our system is capable of switching between these and any other linear optical protocol in seconds. These results point the way to applications across fundamental science and quantum technologies.Photonics has been crucial in establishing the foundations of quantum mechanics [1], and more recently has pushed the vanguard of efforts in understanding new non-classical computational possibilities. Typical protocols involve nonlinear operations, such as the generation of quantum states of light through optical frequency conversion [2,3], or measurement-induced nonlinearities for quantum logic gates [4], together with linear operations between optical modes to implement core processing functions [5]. Encoding qubits in the polarisation of photons has been particularly appealing for the ability to implement arbitrary linear operations on the two polarisation modes using a series of wave plates [6]. For path encoding the same operations can be mapped to a sequence of beamsplitters and phase shifters. In fact, since any linear optical (LO) circuit is described by a unitary operator, and a specific array of basic two-mode operations is mathematically sufficient to implement any unitary operator on optical modes [7], it is theoretically possible to construct a single device with sufficient versatility to implement any possible LO operation up to the specified number of modes.Here we report the realisation of this longstanding goal with a six-mode device that is completely reprogrammable and universal for LO. We demonstrate the versatility of this universal LO processor (LPU) by applying it to several quantum information protocols, including tasks that were previously not possible. We im- * anthony.laing@bristol.ac.uk plement heralded quantum logic gates at the heart of the circuit model of LO quantum computing [4] and new heralded entangling gates that underpin the measurementbased model of LO quantum computing [8][9][10], both of which are the first of their kind in integrated photonics. We perform 100 different boson sampling [11][12][13][14][15] experiments and simultaneously realise new verification protocols. Finally, we use multi-p...

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Silica-based planar lightwave circuits

Cited by 210 publications

References 39 publications

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment over 105 km fibre

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment over 105 km fibre

One-Way Quantum Key Distribution System Based on Planar Lightwave Circuits

Universal linear optics

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