Silica decouples fungal growth and litter decomposition without changing responses to climate warming and N enrichment

Schaller, Jörg; Hines, Jessica; Brackhage, Carsten; Bäucker, Ernst; Gessner, Mark O.

doi:10.1890/13-2104.1

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Wheat also contained 5.7 to 10 times more Si, which is aligned with the general understanding that Graminae species, such as wheat, are known Si accumulators (van der Vorm 1987;Mayland et al, 1991;Hodson et al, 2005). Silica can slow decomposition (Cornelissen, and Thompson, 1997), since the presence of phytoliths may physically hinder fungal hyphae (Schaller and Struyf, 2013; Schaller et al, 2014) and increase resistance to decomposition (Richmond and Sussman, 2003). Canola residue, too, is composed of both labile and recalcitrant pools of C and N, thus potentially presenting dichotomous effects on short-term decomposition along with longer term soil organic matter buildup.…”

Section: Nitrogen Effects On Biomass Water Use Plant Fiber and Silisupporting

confidence: 55%

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Nitrogen Affects Wheat and Canola Silica Accumulation, Soil Silica Forms, and Crusting

et al. 2018

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Raindrop‐induced crusting of mineral soils supporting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the semiarid US Pacific Northwest reduces seedling establishment of late summer‐seeded winter crops during dry, hot conditions. Canola (Brassica napus L.) integration is diversifying regional food, feed and fuel global markets. Subsequent shifts in recycled crop residue characteristics, including Si and crop fiber, may shift soil characteristics of traditional wheat‐dominated systems, potentially affecting their propensity to form soil crusts. In a greenhouse study, wheat and canola were fertilized with varying N rates. Increased N supply increased transpiration, shoot weight, and hemicellulose and cellulose yields, but with only minor increases in shoot Si and lignin yields. Both crops had similar increases in root Si with greater N‐stimulated transpiration. Two subsequent soil incubations were conducted to determine how Si, N fertilization, and crop residues from wheat and canola affected soil properties. In the first incubation, Si was applied as aqueous H4SiO4, which increased soil amorphous and water‐soluble Si (Siam and Siws), physical resistance, and crust thickness. Electron micrographs showed increased amorphous material, presumably a Si precipitate, on soil particles with increased Si application. Second, two Ritzville soils were treated with the canola or wheat shoot residues with and without N fertilizer. Nitrogen lowered soil pH, Siam, Siws, surface resistance, and crust thickness; however, first‐time application of crop residue types had no short‐term effect on these parameters. Any impacts of lower Si returned by lower Si crop residues on soil physical properties likely require several rotational cycles of Si crop uptake and residue returns. Core Ideas Wheat and canola Si increases with N fertilizer, differently correlated to crop transpiration. Si residue contents are ranked: wheat shoot residue > canola shoot > wheat root = canola root. Canola residue returns less Si but more lignin to soil surface than wheat. Long‐term wheat Si recycling may increase soil physical impedance of seedling emergence. N fertilization lowers soil pH, soluble and amorphous Si, surface resistance, and crust thickness.

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Section: Nitrogen Effects On Biomass Water Use Plant Fiber and Silisupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Data were analyzed with PROC GLM procedure in SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2011) at a 95% confidence interval using Tukey's method of mean comparison. The greenhouse experiment was analyzed as a two‐factor, completely randomized design.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Affects Wheat and Canola Silica Accumulation, Soil Silica Forms, and Crusting

et al. 2018

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“…In a more recent study, Schaller et al . () showed that detrimental effects of Si on fungal decomposers were potentially compensated for by other members of the microbial community that profited from high Si availability.…”

Section: Biogeochemical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that an effect of vegetation BSi on decomposition rates of riparian litter is apparent in at least one aquatic vegetation species (P. australis), but lack of research on other plant species and vegetation, and also a strong lack of field evidence, prevents any current accurate quantification of this effect. In a more recent study, Schaller et al (2014) showed that detrimental effects of Si on fungal decomposers were potentially compensated for by other members of the microbial community that profited from high Si availability.…”

Section: Biogeochemical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon in aquatic vegetation

Schoelynck

Struyf

2016

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Silicon (Si) use by plants has not always received the research attention of other elements. Yet today, the importance of Si for plant functioning is slowly becoming better understood. Si is a crucial element for many terrestrial plant species (especially grasses), yet a recent surge of research has shown that some species of aquatic plants contain significant amounts of Si too. 2. We argue that degree of Si accumulation is a functional trait in aquatic vegetation, with plants adapting to environmental conditions. Aquatic vegetation can show apparent plasticity regarding Si uptake, adaptive to water and wind dynamics, light interception, herbivory and nutrient stress. Beyond a plant physiological viewpoint, high Si uptake results in high BSi in plant litter, which can impact on aquatic decomposition processes. Si content in aquatic vegetation shows intriguing relations with other strength components such as cellulose and lignin. Si content has also been linked to fungal and microbial community, litter stoichiometry and invertebrate shredders: all factors that potentially influence organic turnover in aquatic sediments. 3. Uptake of Si by aquatic vegetation is thus not only an important transient sink for Si in the global biogeochemical Si cycle, it can also affect carbon turnover in aquatic ecosystems. Experimental and field studies should be conducted to elucidate controls on aquatic plant Si uptake, especially focusing on interactive effects of multiple biotic and abiotic factors. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on silicon in aquatic vegetation.

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“…During the formation of phytoliths, 0.1%-6% organic carbon (PhytOC) could be occluded (Parr & Sullivan, 2005;Zuo & L€ u, 2011). Although some phytoliths can be dissolved during litter decomposition (Schaller, Hines, Brackhage, B€ aucker, & Gessner, 2014), a significant amount of phytoliths can be released, and accumulate and persist in soils (Carnelli, Madella, & Theurillat, 2001;Parr & Sullivan, 2005). Compared with other soil organic carbon fractions, most of PhytOC is stable and can remain in soils for several hundreds or even thousands of years as they remain surrounded by the undercomposed silica matrix (Parr & Sullivan, 2005;Prasad, Str€ omberg, Alimohammadian, & Sahni, 2005;Wilding & Drees, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon distribution in meadow steppe and typical steppe of northern China and its implications for phytolith carbon sequestration

Zhao

Yang

Song

et al. 2017

Grass and Forage Science

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Silicon (Si) not only plays an important role in plant growth but also contributes significantly to the long‐term terrestrial carbon sink in the form of phytoliths. This study investigated Si content of 184 plant species in meadow steppe and typical steppe of northern China to examine the influential factors of Si distribution and evaluate the potential phytolith carbon sequestration of these grasslands. Our results indicated that the average Si content generally decreased in the following order of Equisetopsida > Monocotyledoneae > Dicotyledoneae. Within angiosperms, although most Si accumulator plants were commelinid monocots, many eudicots also accumulated abundant Si in their above‐ground tissues. The Si content of plant above‐ground parts in typical steppe (6.53 ± 2.88 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in meadow steppe (2.15 ± 0.92 g/kg). The estimated phytolith‐occluded carbon (PhytOC) production flux in typical steppe (0.81 ± 0.36 kg CO2 ha−1 year−1) was higher than that in meadow steppe (0.54 ± 0.23 kg CO2 ha−1 year−1). This study demonstrates that plant phylogeny influences the Si content of individual species, whereas grassland type with different mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature may significantly affect the abundance of high Si species. We conclude that increasing the abundance of grass species with high Si content in meadow steppe and appropriate grazing and fertilizer application in typical steppe will enhance the phytolith carbon sequestration in grasslands of northern China.

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Silica decouples fungal growth and litter decomposition without changing responses to climate warming and N enrichment

Cited by 41 publications

References 43 publications

Nitrogen Affects Wheat and Canola Silica Accumulation, Soil Silica Forms, and Crusting

Nitrogen Affects Wheat and Canola Silica Accumulation, Soil Silica Forms, and Crusting

Silicon in aquatic vegetation

Silicon distribution in meadow steppe and typical steppe of northern China and its implications for phytolith carbon sequestration

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