Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

Bourgeat‐Lami, Élodie; Farzi, Gholamali; David, Laurent; Putaux, Jean‐Luc; McKenna, Timothy F. L.

doi:10.1021/la300587b

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…MPS is attached to the silica surface by a condensation reaction resulting in a covalent bond [27]. Furthermore, it carries a methacrylic acid ester which is able to copolymerize with the surrounding monomer [28,29]. Contrarily, CTMA-Cl provides a non-reactive alkyl chain and the connection between CTMA + and the silica surface occurs via ionic interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

et al. 2014

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Hydrophilic silica particles need to be hydrophobized to be encapsulated in a polymeric environment, which can be achieved by different methods. We report on the relationship between different hydrophobization techniques of silica and the final structure of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica hybrid nanoparticles obtained by miniemulsion polymerization. Hydrophobization by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA-Cl) uses the ionic interaction between the positively charged ammonium salt and the negatively charged silica surface, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. In this case, the interaction between polymer and silica surface needs to be enhanced, so 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was used as a co-monomer. Alternatively, the condensation reactions of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) were used to provide a covalent bond to the silica surface. The condensation reaction of the trimethoxysilane groups onto the silica surface was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Hybrid nanoparticles were successfully formed with silica particles functionalized with the different functionalization agents. However, the structure of the resulting hybrid particles (i.e., the distribution of the silica particles within the polymer matrix) depends on the agent. The MPS-functionalized silica particles copolymerize with poly(methyl methacrylate), leading to a fixation of the silica particles inside the polymer and to a homogeneous distribution. The CTMA-Cl-and ODTMSfunctionalized silica particles cannot copolymerize, but aggregate at the interface, leading to a Janus-like structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

et al. 2014

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“…This feeble conformation could be reflected in the same nearest-neighbor selection of same species by inorganic and organic components. Additionally, silica species located at the droplet interfaces (as mentioned in the hypothesis) during the earlier stages (inverse miniemultions) could affect stabilization of the droplets through the Pickering effect (36). As a consequence, spherical particles with nanometer corporation comprising two components might be expected (37,38).…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Silica/ P(mma-co-st) Particles In W/omentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphology control of silica/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) hybrid nanoparticles via multiple-miniemulsion approach

Nazarabady

Farzi

2016

E-Polymers

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An appropriate approach has been used for the preparation of silica/P(MMA-co-St) hybrid nanoparticles through converting previously prepared inverse miniemulsions into a direct miniemulsion and consequently, using the droplet nucleation polymerization technique. In the early stage of the procedure, silica particles were synthesized from TEOS in the presence of NH 4 OH or HCl as a catalyst through a base or acid-catalyzed sol-gel process. TEOS, ethanol and tirmethoxyvinylsilan were mixed in MMA:St (50:50) to create the inverse miniemulsion I, similarly CTAB, NH 4 OH/HCl and distilled water were dispersed into MMA:St (50:50) and called inverse miniemulsion II. Then, the two mentioned inverse miniemulsions were emulsified in water to achieve direct miniemulsion. The nature of the catalyst and TEOS concentration varied, for the aims of investigation, their effect on the morphology and size of hybrid nanoparticles. This route provided a unique process for silica/polymer hybrid nanoparticles production, avoiding organic solvents. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that, the morphology of the hybrid nanoparticles can be controlled by the nature of the catalyst.

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“…In the past, ultrasonic systems have been used to produce particle loaded droplets [71][72][73]. Since nanoparticles can cause abrasion in homogenization valves [12], Hecht et al used the SEM process for the miniemulsion polymerization especially with regard to a high degree of nanoparticle filling (up to 60 wt %) [55].…”

Section: Preparation Of Hybrid Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Applications of High-Pressure Homogenization by Using Simultaneous Emulsification and Mixing (SEM)—An Overview

Gall

Runde²,

Schuchmann

2016

Processes

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Conventional high-pressure homogenization (HPH) is widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries among others. In general, its aim is to produce micron or sub-micron scale emulsions with excellent product characteristics. However, its energy consumption is still very high. Additionally, several limitations and boundaries impede the usage of high-pressure homogenization for special products such as particle loaded or highly concentrated systems. This article gives an overview of approaches that have been used in order to improve the conventional high-pressure homogenization process. Emphasis is put on the 'Simultaneous Emulsification and Mixing' process that has been developed to broaden the application areas of high-pressure homogenization.

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Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

Cited by 66 publications

References 65 publications

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

Morphology control of silica/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) hybrid nanoparticles via multiple-miniemulsion approach

Extending Applications of High-Pressure Homogenization by Using Simultaneous Emulsification and Mixing (SEM)—An Overview

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