Silica-filled tire tread compounds: an investigation into the viscoelastic properties of the rubber compounds and their relation to tire performance

Maghami, S.

doi:10.3990/1.9789036541282

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is because the tire tread can be deformed and adhered to the icy road surface more easily when the G′ value is lower under low-temperature conditions [ 45 ]. The loss modulus (G″) at 0 °C indicates the wet grip performance of the tire and is known to improve the wet grip performance when its value is higher [ 46 , 47 ]. In addition, the G″ value is higher when the effective filler volume fraction increases [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Molecular Weight of Functionalized Liquid Butadiene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of SSBR/Silica Compounds

et al. 2021

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Liquid butadiene rubber (LqBR) which used as a processing aid play a vital role in the manufacturing of high-performance tire tread compounds. However, the studies on the effect of molecular weight, microstructure, and functionalization of LqBR on the properties of compounds are still insufficient. In this study, non-functionalized and center-functionalized liquid butadiene rubbers (N-LqBR and C-LqBR modified with ethoxysilyl group, respectively) were synthesized with low vinyl content and different molecular weights using anionic polymerization. In addition, LqBR was added to the silica-filled SSBR compounds as an alternative to treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) oil, and the effect of molecular weight and functionalization on the properties of the silica-filled SSBR compound was examined. C-LqBR showed a low Payne effect and Mooney viscosity because of improved silica dispersion due to the ethoxysilyl functional group. Furthermore, C-LqBR showed an increased crosslink density, improved mechanical properties, and reduced organic matter extraction compared to the N-LqBR compound. LqBR reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the compound significantly, thereby improving snow traction and abrasion resistance compared to TDAE oil. Furthermore, the energy loss characteristics revealed that the hysteresis loss attributable to the free chain ends of LqBR was dominant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Molecular Weight of Functionalized Liquid Butadiene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of SSBR/Silica Compounds

et al. 2021

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“…The rolling resistance (RR) of tires can be evaluated by assessing the dynamic viscoelastic properties and determining tan δ at 60 °C, where a lower value is indicative of better fuel efficiency [ 47 ]. Further, the loss modulus (E″) at 0 °C is an indicator of the wet grip performance of tires, where a higher value is indicative of improved wet grip performance [ 48 , 49 ]. Tan δ values were measured at varying strains, at 60 °C via DMTS ( Figure 8 and Table 8 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Epoxide Content on the Vulcanizate Structure of Silica-Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Compounds

et al. 2021

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The demand for truck–bus radial (TBR) tires with enhanced fuel efficiency has grown in recent years. Many studies have investigated silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds to address these needs. However, silica-filled compounds offer inferior abrasion resistance compared to carbon black-filled compounds. Further, the use of NR as a base rubber can hinder silanization and coupling reactions due to interference by proteins and lipids. Improved silica dispersion be achieved without the use of a silane coupling agent by introducing epoxide groups to NR, which serve as silica-affinitive functional groups. Furthermore, the coupling reaction can be promoted by facilitating chemical interaction between the hydroxyl group of silica and the added epoxide groups. Thus, this study evaluated the properties of commercialized NR, ENR-25, and ENR-50 compounds with or without an added silane coupling agent, and the filler–rubber interaction was quantitatively calculated using vulcanizate structure analysis. The increased epoxide content, when the silane coupling agent was not used, improved silica dispersion, abrasion resistance, fuel efficiency, and wet grip. Once a basic level of silica dispersion was secured by using the silane coupling agent, both the abrasion resistance and wet grip improved with increasing epoxide content. Furthermore, the silane coupling agent could be partially replaced by ENR due to the high filler–rubber interaction between the ENR and silica. Therefore, epoxidation shows potential for resolving the issues associated with poor coupling reactions and abrasion resistance in silica-filled NR compounds.

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“…A lower RR value indicates higher fuel efficiency [ 35 ]. In addition, the loss modulus ( E ″) at 0 °C is an indicator of the wet grip performance of a tire, and a higher value indicates better wet grip performance [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymers 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 17 indicates higher fuel efficiency [35]. In addition, the loss modulus (E″) at 0 °C is an indicator of the wet grip performance of a tire, and a higher value indicates better wet grip performance [36,37]. Typically, rubber compounds exhibit a high tan δ value near Tg because of the hysteresis of the rubber chains [34].…”

Section: Dynamic Viscoelastic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Epoxide Contents of Liquid Isoprene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

et al. 2021

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In this study, we examined the feasibility of using epoxidized liquid isoprene rubber (E-LqIR) as a processing aid for truck and bus radial (TBR) tire treads and investigated the effects of the epoxide content on the wear resistance, fuel efficiency, and resistance to extraction of the E-LqIRs. The results confirmed that, compared to the treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) oil, the E-LqIRs could enhance the filler–rubber interactions and reduce the oil migration. However, the consumption of sulfur by the E-LqIRs resulted in a lower crosslink density compared to that of the TDAE oil, and the higher epoxide content decreased the wear resistance and fuel efficiency because of the increased glass-transition temperature (Tg). In contrast, the E-LqIR with a low epoxide content of 6 mol% had no significant effect on the Tg of the final compound and resulted in superior wear resistance and fuel efficiency, compared to those shown by TDAE oil, because of the higher filler–rubber interactions.

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Silica-filled tire tread compounds: an investigation into the viscoelastic properties of the rubber compounds and their relation to tire performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Molecular Weight of Functionalized Liquid Butadiene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of SSBR/Silica Compounds

Effects of Molecular Weight of Functionalized Liquid Butadiene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of SSBR/Silica Compounds

Effect of Epoxide Content on the Vulcanizate Structure of Silica-Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Compounds

Effect of the Epoxide Contents of Liquid Isoprene Rubber as a Processing Aid on the Properties of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

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