Silica fouling revisited

Freeman, Scott; Majerle, Randall J.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(95)00092-5

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As water recovery increases, the concentration of sparingly soluble mineral salts increases in the RO feed channel and surpass their solubility limit and precipitate in both the bulk and onto the membrane surface. Typical mineral scalants of concern include calcium sulfate [2,3,[8][9][10][11][12][13], calcium carbonate [2,14], calcium phosphate [15][16][17], barium sulfate [18], and silica (SiO 2 ) [6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Surface scale formed by such scalants will block the membrane surface, thereby reducing membrane productivity and decreasing membrane longevity both which lead to higher operating costs [1, 9-12, 28, 29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time direct detection of silica scaling on RO membranes

Thompson

Rahardianto

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Membrane Science

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Silica scaling of RO membranes was evaluated via real-time direct surface imaging demonstrating a capability for detecting the onset of silica scale formation and its evolution. Silica scaling was detected significantly earlier than by traditional flux decline measurements. The observed rate of silica particle nucleation followed classical nucleation theory while the growth of individual silica particles, at the early stages of silica scaling, was governed by diffusional growth. SEM and optical images of the membrane surface suggest that silica scaling occurs through the formation of both primary silica particles and their agglomerates (~1-30 μm), as well as a gel-like silica film embedded with silica particles both of which contribute to permeate flux decline. At low silica saturation index at the membrane surface (SI m ≤ 1.93) silica gel film formation resulted in a smoother and less porous film than at higher silica saturation (SI m ≥ 2.72). At the higher silica saturation levels (SI m =2.72-3.50), silica scaling resulted in larger observed particles as well as rapid permeate flux decline. The silica scale layer thickness was in the range of ~0.1-3.5 µm, with surface roughness being higher by a factor of 2.6-8.3 relative to the native membrane. Results of the present study suggest that there is merit in exploring the application of the present approach for early detection and monitoring of silica scaling in RO plants in support of strategies for silica scale mitigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time direct detection of silica scaling on RO membranes

Thompson

Rahardianto

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Some of the most important foulants are Fe, Mn, Mg, SiO 2 and Al whereas the more frequent scalants are substances with large precipitation kinetics such as CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 , BaSO 4 and SiO 2 (Freeman and Majerle, 1995;Fritzmann et al, 2007;Jarusutthirak et al, 2007). The observed gain in Si, Fe, Mg and Al around the Infiernillo phyllic halo can be then explained by fouling and scaling.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Since presence of Fe would enhance silica scaling (Freeman and Majerle, 1995;Sahachaiyunta et al, 2002), fouling and scaling could be the cause of a significant decrease in Reverse Osmosis performance of the membrane. Considering that: a) fouling is more intense at high permeation rates (Zhu and Elimelech, 1997), b) the higher the net pressure the higher the permeation rates (Al-Bastaki and Abbas, 2000), and c) net pressure is higher E-W (parallel to σ 3 -direction) than N-S, then the Reverse Osmosis process offers a reasonable explanation to polymetallic vein distribution asymmetry for the Infiernillo deposit.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Osmosis contributing to metal zoning in porphyry type deposits: A case study

Japas

Rubinstein

Gómez

2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…However most of traditional antiscalents are successful in scale control for crystalline mineral precipitates but not silica because it is amorphous (Freeman & Majerle, 1995), and hence control of silica scaling requires chemical pretreatment.…”

Section: Scaling and Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Chemical Engineering

Marin¹

2011

Advances in Chemical Engineering

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Dr Zeeshan Nawaz received his Bachelor and Master degree's with distinction in Chemical Engineering from MUET Jamshoro and UET Lahore, respectively. He earned his Doctoral degree in Chemical Engineering & Technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing in 2010. He was engaged in number of process design assignments at Chemical Process & Plant Design Center, Islamabad. Later he worked at Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Reaction Engineering & Technology (FLOTU), on catalyst design and fluidization engineering. He won many awards and schallorships in his carrier, the most recents are Excellent Researcher Award of Tsinghua University 2009 sponsored by Eternal Chemical Co. Ltd., and Best Young Scientist Award 2011 by National Association of Young Scientists. Currently, he is working as Scientist in SABIC Technology Center, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Riyadh, and involved in the high fidelity reactor modeling and vatious technology development activities. Dr. Zeeshan is also member of editorial boards for various reputed research journals.Prof Dr Shahid Naveed born in Pakistan received his Doctoral degree in Chemical Engineering in 1987 from University of Newcastle, UK. He is associated with academic and research work in Chemical Engineering in the country and abroad for more than 35 years. He has served at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA on a Post Doctoral Fulbright Fellowship. His current research interests relates to energy with focus on coal gasification. At present he is serving as Chairman Chemical Engineering Department at UET, Lahore Pakistan. He is the winner of HEC Best Teacher Award 2010. Dr. Naveed is Team Leader of Gasification Research group and is supervising a number of R&D projects.

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Silica fouling revisited

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Real-time direct detection of silica scaling on RO membranes

Real-time direct detection of silica scaling on RO membranes

Reverse Osmosis contributing to metal zoning in porphyry type deposits: A case study

Advances in Chemical Engineering

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