Silica Glass Optical Fiber and Fiber Fuse

Todoroki, Shin‐ichi

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54577-4_1

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The emission was caused by the fibre fuse phenomenon, explained as follows. The absorption coefficient of glass increased when the temperature was increased to ~2000 K. A heat spot was formed in the glass, the glass absorbed the laser energy and the heat spot moved towards the light source17. The same phenomenon was observed in the bulk glass when illuminated at a high power density1819.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Experimental and theoretical study on the driving force and glass flow by laser-induced metal sphere migration in glass

Hidai

Wada

Iwamoto

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Light is able to remotely move matter. Among various driving forces, laser-induced metal sphere migration in glass has been reported. The temperature on the laser-illuminated side of the sphere was higher than that on the non-illuminated side. This temperature gradient caused non-uniformity in the interfacial tension between the glass and the melted metal as the tension decreased with increasing temperature. In the present study, we investigated laser-induced metal sphere migration in different glasses using thermal flow calculations, considering the temperature dependence of the material parameters. In addition, the velocity of the glass flow generated by the metal sphere migration was measured and compared with thermal flow calculations. The migration velocity of the stainless steel sphere increased with increasing laser power density; the maximum velocity was 104 μm/s in borosilicate glass and 47 μm/s in silica glass. The sphere was heated to more than 2000 K. The temperature gradient of the interfacial tension between the stainless steel sphere and the glass was calculated to be −2.29 × 10−5 N/m/K for borosilicate glass and −2.06 × 10−5 N/m/K for silica glass. Glass flowed in the region 15–30 μm from the surface of the sphere, and the 80-μm sphere migrated in a narrow softened channel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Experimental and theoretical study on the driving force and glass flow by laser-induced metal sphere migration in glass

Hidai

Wada

Iwamoto

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The laser light is converted to heat only once the temperature of the fiber core has exceeded 1050 °C 1 3 . This secondary heat flow forms a hot spot at the fiber core.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the process of fiber fuse initiation has only been investigated in two papers 6 7 whose findings will be summarized later. By contrast, many researchers in optical communication have determined that the threshold power for fiber fuse propagation, P th , is, for example, less than 1.5 W for SMF-28(e) fibers 3 8 9 10 11 , which is widely regarded as the maximum allowable power if we are to avoid the problem. In fact, this parameter tells us nothing about fiber fuse initiation because the initiation must occur only after the accumulated energy has exceeded a certain value in a small area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Heat-induced strong absorption of silica glass optical fiber at more than 1050 °C 1 plays a potential risk in many fiber optics applications including optical communication and “power over fiber”, as a form of fiber fuse phenomenon 2 3 4 5 . In the 28 years since its discovery, many techniques have been used to initiate a fiber fuse, namely local heating of a fiber segment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantitative evaluation of fiber fuse initiation with exposure to arc discharge provided by a fusion splicer

Todoroki

2016

Sci Rep

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The optical communication industry and power-over-fiber applications face a dilemma as a result of the expanding demand of light power delivery and the potential risks of high-power light manipulation including the fiber fuse phenomenon, a continuous destruction of the fiber core pumped by the propagating light and triggered by a heat-induced strong absorption of silica glass. However, we have limited knowledge on its initiation process in the viewpoint of energy flow in the reactive area. Therefore, the conditions required for a fiber fuse initiation in standard single-mode fibers were determined quantitatively, namely the power of a 1480 nm fiber laser and the arc discharge intensity provided by a fusion splicer for one second as an outer heat source. Systematic investigation on the energy flow balance between these energy sources revealed that the initiation process consists of two steps; the generation of a precursor at the heated spot and the transition to a stable fiber fuse. The latter step needs a certain degree of heat accumulation at the core where waveguide deformation is ongoing competitively. This method is useful for comparing the tolerance to fiber fuse initiation among various fibers with a fixed energy amount that was not noticed before.

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“…Brillouin scattering is known to be one of the most significant nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers [6]. Higher-power pump light induces even higher-power scattered light, leading to a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensing system [7,8,9,10]. In addition, such higher-power pump light is reported to provide narrower Brillouin linewidth, resulting in a high precision of the measurement [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Brillouin gain spectrum in optical fibers in telecommunication band: Effect of pump wavelength

Lee

Hayashi

Mizuno

2016

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We study the optical wavelength dependence of the Brillouin gain spectrum for a silica single-mode fiber in the range from 1511 to 1555 nm using a measurement setup containing an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in the Brillouin pump path. The Brillouin peak power and linewidth are clearly dependent on the pump wavelength, the trends of which correspond well with the wavelength dependence of the EDFA gain. This result suggests that we need to consider the unique wavelength dependence of the EDFA gain to practically obtain a higher Brillouin peak power and narrower linewidth at the telecommunication wavelength.

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Silica Glass Optical Fiber and Fiber Fuse

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Experimental and theoretical study on the driving force and glass flow by laser-induced metal sphere migration in glass

Experimental and theoretical study on the driving force and glass flow by laser-induced metal sphere migration in glass

Quantitative evaluation of fiber fuse initiation with exposure to arc discharge provided by a fusion splicer

Observation of Brillouin gain spectrum in optical fibers in telecommunication band: Effect of pump wavelength

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