Silica-Titania Integrated Photonics Platform-Based 1 × 2 Demultiplexer Utilizing Two Serially Cascaded Racetrack Microrings for 1310 nm and 1550 nm Telecommunication Wavelengths

Butt, Muhammad Ali; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Kozłowski, Łukasz; Kaźmierczak, Andrzej; Piramidowicz, Ryszard

doi:10.3390/photonics10020208

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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Section: Device Design and Parametric Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Figure 3b, it can be seen that the FSR of the device reduces from 4.65 nm to 3.675 nm as R increases from 25 µm to 40 µm. The FSR is a vital parameter in various applications, such as in WDM systems and the design of optical filters and lasers [41,42]. By controlling the FSR, the operating frequencies of the RR can be determined, and tailor its performance to specific applications.…”

Section: Device Design and Parametric Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racetrack Ring Resonator Integrated with Multimode Interferometer Structure Based on Low-Cost Silica–Titania Platform for Refractive Index Sensing Application

Butt,

Shahbaz,

Piramidowicz

2023

Photonics

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In this work, a racetrack ring resonator (RTRR) integrated with a multimode interferometer (MMI) structure based on a silica–titania (SiO2:TiO2) platform is projected for refractive index sensing application. The typical ring resonator structure requires a gap of ~100 nm to 200 nm between the bus waveguide (WG) and the ring structure which makes it challenging to fabricate a precise device. Thus, the device proposed in this paper can be considered a “gapless” ring resonator structure in which the coupling of light between the ring and bus WG can be achieved via an MMI coupler. A minor change in the refractive index in the vicinity of the MMI structure can trigger a shift in the resonance wavelength of the device. Thus, this simple and fascinating structure can be employed as a refractive index sensor. The device’s sensitivity is ~142.5 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.33 to 1.36 with a figure of merit (FOM) of 78.3. This simple device structure can potentially be fabricated via a low-cost and highly efficient sol–gel process and dip-coating method combined with the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) method.

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Section: Device Design and Parametric Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Device Design and Parametric Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racetrack Ring Resonator Integrated with Multimode Interferometer Structure Based on Low-Cost Silica–Titania Platform for Refractive Index Sensing Application

Butt,

Shahbaz,

Piramidowicz

2023

Photonics

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“…Nevertheless, we believe that the SiO2:TiO2 platform has a huge potential, and further research is essential in the expansion of a flawless and cost-effective SiO2:TiO2 platform to be employed in a wide application range [20] ensuing in its commercialization soon [21].…”

Section: Technological Challenges In the Development Of Silica-titani...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological challenges in the development of silica-titania platform for integrated optics

Kilicaslan,

Butt,

Kazmierczak

et al. 2023

Photonics Lett. Pol.

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This short report discusses the technological challenges of silica-titania (SiO2:TiO2) thin film deposited via a simple, cost-effective sol-gel process and dip-coating method. Sol-gel is a versatile method for producing materials by using a solution (sol) that undergoes a gelation process to form a solid network (gel). This process involves hydrolysis and condensation reactions of precursor molecules. Although the sol-gel application is simple and economical, it has some limitations. The aging of sol-gel materials causes a change in the properties and structure of a sol-gel system over time, causing a deterioration in the final properties of the waveguide thin films. Nanoimprint lithography is a cost-effective patterning technique that is only effective when fresh sol is used; otherwise, it leads to the formation of defective waveguide structures. Full Text: PDF References M. Ebelmen, Annl. Chim. Phys. 1846(16), 129 (1846). CrossRef H.C. Vasconcelos, Waveguide technologies in Photonics and Microwave Engineering (IntechOpen, 2020). CrossRef X. Orignac, H.C. Vasconcelos, R.M. Almeida, "Structural study of SiO2 TiO2 sol—gel films by X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies", J. Non-Crystalline Solids 217, 155 (1997). CrossRef X. Orignac, H.C. Vasconcelos, X.M. Du, R.M. Almeida, "Influence of Solvent Concentration on the Microstructure of SiO2-TiO2 Sol-Gel Films", J. sol-gel Scien. Technol. 8, 243 (1997). CrossRef P. Karasiński, J. Jaglarz, J. Mazur, "Low loss silica-titania waveguide films", Photonics Lett. Pol. 2, 37 (2010). CrossRef A.I.G. Varela et al., Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis (InTech 2017) DirectLink M.A. Butt, "Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness—A Brief Exploration", Coatings 12, 1115 (2022). CrossRef M.A. Butt, C. Tyszkiewicz, P. Karasiński, M. Zięba, A. Kaźmierczak, M. Zdończyk, L. Duda, M. Guzik, J. Olszewski, T. Martynkien, A. Bachmatiuk, R. Piramidowicz, "Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status", Materials 29, 4591 (2022). CrossRef M.A. Butt, C. Tyszkiewicz, K. Wojtasik, P. Karasinski, A. Kazmierczak, R. Piramidowicz, "Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Structures Proposed on the Low-Cost Silica–Titania Platform for Optical Filtering and Refractive Index Sensing Applications", Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 6614 (2022). CrossRef L. Guo, "Nanoimprint Lithography: Methods and Material Requirements", Adv. Mater. 19, 495 (2007). CrossRef V. Prajzler, V. Chlupaty, P. Kulha, M. Neruda, S. Kopp, M. Muhlberger, "Optical Polymer Waveguides Fabricated by Roll-to-Plate Nanoimprinting Technique", Nanomaterials 11, 724 (2021). CrossRef A. Cherala, P.N. Pandya, K.M. Liechti, S.V. Sreenivasan, "Extending the resolution limits of nanoshape imprint lithography using molecular dynamics of polymer crosslinking", Microsyst. Nanoeng. 7, 13 (2021). CrossRef K. Wojtasik, M. Zieba, C. Tyszkiewicz, W. Pakiela, G. Zak, O. Jeremiasz, E. Gondek, K. Drabczyk, P. Karasinski, "Zinc Oxide Films Fabricated via Sol-Gel Method and Dip-Coating Technique–Effect of Sol Aging on Optical Properties, Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity", Materials 16, 1898 (2023). CrossRef A. Kaźmierczak, M.A. Butt, M. Zięba, C. Tyszkiewicz, P. Karasiński, R. Piramidowicz, "Towards the most convenient configuration of integrated photonic sensor for implementation in SiO2:TiO2 sol-gel derived waveguide film technology", Proc. SPIE 12139, Optical Sensing and Detection VII; 1213908 (2022). CrossRef K. Racka-Szmidt, B. Stonio, J. Żelazko, M. Filipiak, M. Sochacki, "A Review: Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching of Silicon Carbide", Materials 24, 123 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt et al."Development of a low-cost silica-titania optical platform for integrated photonics applications", Opt. Expr. 30, 23678 (2022). CrossRef S. Barcelo, Z. Li, "Nanoimprint lithography for nanodevice fabrication", Nano Converg. 3, 21 (2016). CrossRef J-H. Shin, S-H. Lee, K-J. Byeon, K-S. Han, H. Lee, K. Tsunozaki, "Fabrication of flexible UV nanoimprint mold with fluorinated polymer-coated PET film", Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 458 (2011). CrossRef U. Tahir, Y.B. Shim, M.A. Kamran, D-I. Kim, M. Y. Jeong, "Nanofabrication Techniques: Challenges and Future Prospects", J. Nanosc. Nanotechnol. 21, 4981 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, M. Shahbaz, L. Kozłowski, A. Kaźmierczak, R. Piramidowicz, "A Concise Review of the Progress in Photonic Sensing Devices", Photonics 10, 208 (2023). CrossRef M.A. Butt et al. "HYPHa project: a low-cost alternative for integrated photonics", Photonics Lett. Pol. 14, 25 (2022). CrossRef

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“…|𝑆 𝐻 (2) −𝑆 𝐻 (1) | 𝑆 𝐻 (1) [%] (10) The characteristic δSH(p) are presented in Figure 13. Regardless of the fabrication technology of rib waveguides, their final opto-geometrical parameters are more or less different than originally assumed.…”

Section: Rib Waveguide-fundamental He Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This platform has several advantages over mainstream material platforms and related technologies (i.e., SOI, Si 3 N 4 , and InP). They are discussed in the papers [9][10][11], where designs of integrated optics devices using the silica-titania material platform are proposed and discussed. Let us consider PICs used in constructing optical chemical and biochemical sensors [12] that rely on the principle of evanescent wave spectroscopy [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evanescent Wave Sensitivity of Silica-Titania Rib Waveguides in the Single-Mode Propagation Regime

Tyszkiewicz,

Kielan

2023

Photonics

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The analysis reported in this paper shows that the homogeneous sensitivity of both fundamental rib waveguide modes, HE00 and EH00, can slightly exceed the sensitivity of the optimized parent slab waveguide. The most crucial difference in the behavior of these two polarizations is that the sensitivity of the HE00 mode is the maximum for strip waveguides. In contrast, the sensitivity of the EH00 mode can either decrease monotonically or not-monotonically with increasing rib height or behave like a homogeneous sensitivity characteristic of the slab waveguide’s EH0 mode. The second important conclusion comes from comparing the sensitivity characteristics with the distributions of the fundamental mode’s optical power. Namely, the homogeneous sensitivity of the rib waveguide is at the maximum if, due to a slight variance in the cover refractive index, a variation in the weighted optical power carried by the mode is the maximum.

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Silica-Titania Integrated Photonics Platform-Based 1 × 2 Demultiplexer Utilizing Two Serially Cascaded Racetrack Microrings for 1310 nm and 1550 nm Telecommunication Wavelengths

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Racetrack Ring Resonator Integrated with Multimode Interferometer Structure Based on Low-Cost Silica–Titania Platform for Refractive Index Sensing Application

Racetrack Ring Resonator Integrated with Multimode Interferometer Structure Based on Low-Cost Silica–Titania Platform for Refractive Index Sensing Application

Technological challenges in the development of silica-titania platform for integrated optics

Evanescent Wave Sensitivity of Silica-Titania Rib Waveguides in the Single-Mode Propagation Regime

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