Silicene and graphene nano materials in gas sensing mechanism

Abstract

Silicene, the Si analogue of graphene, has recently extended the short list of existing two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals.

Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials Used in Gas Sensors

“…Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, numerous two-dimensional materials have been discovered, isolated, synthesized [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], and/or developed using computational tools. Researchers around the world have shifted their research focus from the syntheses processes to the modification of two-dimensional materials to optimize their electronic properties in the design of emerging electronic devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, field effect transistors (FETs), and gas sensors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Among the electronic properties that can be controlled is the structure of energy bands which can be achieved through: (1) alloying between two-dimensional materials to form two-dimensional ternary materials, (2) vertical stacking of two-dimensional materials that can produce 2D heterostructures [12,13,14], known as van der Waals solids, and (3) controlling the thickness of two-dimensional materials through their number of layers.…”

“…In the high-tech manufacture of electronic devices, the use of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, hexagonal boron nitride ( h -BN), silicene, germanene, stanene, arsenene, aluminene, antimonene, bismuthine, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe 2 ), MXenes, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] These materials have attracted the attention of gas sensor designers due to their large surface-to-volume ratios and extremely sensitive surfaces [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,…”

Quantum confinement effects on the harmful‐gas‐sensing properties of silicon nanowires

“…Nanostructured materials play a very important role in today's technological research, since their chemical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties can be tailored for a great number of applications. Several nanostructured materials have been reported as chemical sensors, such as porous silicon, semiconductor nanowires, two‐dimensional nanomaterials, nanocrystals, porous polycrystalline semiconducting oxides, nanotubes, and fullerenes . In particular, the change in the electronic properties of a nanowire that has adsorbed a chemical agent is the principle under which nanowire‐based sensors operate.…”

Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Two-dimensional Nanomaterials beyond Graphene and Their Gas Sensing Applications: Silicene, Germanene, and Boron Carbide

“…Excitingly, dissimilar to the flat graphene sheet, the silicene and germanene honeycomb structures are puckered [59] due to the tendency of silicon atoms to adopt sp 3 and sp 2 hybridization rather than only sp 2 hybridization [60]. Therefore, silicene and germanen are expected to show a considerably higher chemical reactivity for molecules adsorption compared to graphene due to their buckled formation, making them promising materials for gas molecules detection [61][62][63][64].…”

“…This buckled structure makes it possible for the band gap of silicene to be tuned more intensively with an external electric field [43] and with binding adsorbates [345] as compared to graphene [397]. Furthermore, silicene shows a considerably higher chemical reactivity for atoms [80,165,365,[398][399][400] and molecules [61-63, 366, 401-403] adsorption than graphene due its buckled formation with a great deal of potential applications for silicene-based nanoelectronic devices [26], hydrogen storage [365], thin film solar cell absorbers [368], hydrogen separation membranes [366], and molecule sensors [61][62][63][64].…”