Silicon balance in the South China Sea

Ma, Yuwei; Zhang, Lanlan; Liu, Sumei; Zhu, Dongdong

doi:10.1007/s10533-021-00879-4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The extremely high reaction rate constants of the bSiO 2 in sediments or the sediment trap of the North Atlantic Ocean are believed to be an important reason for the very low bSiO 2 contents (~1%) and poor preservation efficiency (12%) in the sediments compared with the Southern Ocean (Rickert, 2000;Ragueneau et al, 2001). Inversely, the relatively low reaction rate constants in the NSCS may be responsible for the well preservation efficiency of the bSiO 2 (27%) (Ma et al, 2022). Therefore, our results support the view that continental margin sediments play significant roles as silica sinks in the marine silica budget (DeMaster, 2002).…”

Section: Implications For the Preservation Of Bsio 2 In The Nscs Sedi...supporting

confidence: 79%

“…All of these factors have a significant consequence on the "silica pump" and sedimentary bSiO 2 . However, prior research on sedimentary bSiO 2 in the South China Sea has mainly focused on distribution features (Zhou et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2015) or burial fluxes (Ma et al, 2022). The dissolution and preservation mechanisms of sedimentary bSiO 2 is missing in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, significant seasonal and spatial changes of primary production (Ning et al, 2004;Chen, 2005), particulate organic matter (Ho et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2015), and phytoplankton community structure (Cai et al, 2015) occurs in the NSCS. The second largest river in China, the Pearl River, empties an average freshwater discharge of 482 km 3 yr -1 and sediment load of 96 Mt yr -1 carrying ~53 Gmol-Si yr -1 into the NSCS (Liu et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2022), which results in relatively eutrophic conditions. These are benefits for the growth of micro-phytoplankton (> 20 mM in size), such as diatoms, which account for > 75% of the Chl-a concentration in NSCS coastal waters (Xiao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and dissolution kinetics of biogenic silica in sediments of the northern South China Sea

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The dissolution efficiency of sedssimentary biogenic silica (bSiO2) dramatically affects the regeneration of dissolved silicic acid (dSi) at the sediment-water interface, which is a crucial pathway to maintain Si balance and silicic productivity growth in marine environments. We conducted wet alkaline leach and flow-through experiments to explore the dissolution behaviors of sedimentary bSiO2 in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), one of the largest marginal sea continental shelves. The bSiO2 contents of surface sediments were 0.64 - 2.06%, with an average of 1.04 ± 0.35%, varying with isobath water depth. The solubility of bSiO2 in surface sediments ranged from 227 μmol L-1 to 519 μmol L-1, and the dissolution rate constants varied from 0.67 to 1.53 yr-1 under specific conditions in lab incubation. The correlation between the biogenic materials (bSiO2, OC, and TN) revealed a different preservation pattern of bSiO2 in finer (Φ > ~ 5.5) and coarser (Φ< ~ 5.5) sediments. The high concentration of Al in sea water and “Al – detrital – bSiO2” interactions in sediments significantly interfered with the apparent solubility and dissolution dynamics of bSiO2. We combined the regional characteristics (primary production, bottom current, and resuspension-deposition) and the reconstructed dissolution kinetics of bSiO2 explained the mismatch between the surface (diatom biomass)/(total phytoplankton biomass) ratio and the sedimentary bSiO2/OC ratio, and the mismatch between the surface bSiO2 primary productivity and the bSiO2 sediment records in the NSCS. The resuspension-deposition, the higher reconstructed rate constants (0.94 ± 0.13 yr-1), and the dissolution rate (0.20 ± 0.01 yr-1) were responsible for the lower bSiO2/OC ratio (0.45 ± 0.28) at the inner shelf, and the winnowing process at the outer shelf with the lower reconstructed reactivity (0.30 yr-1) and dissolution rate (0.001 yr-1) led to the good preservation of bSiO2 in the upper slope. Furthermore, through the comparison with other sea areas, the relatively lower reactivity (1.12 ± 0.3 yr-1) of bSiO2 in sediments supported the notion that the NSCS sediments may serve as an important silica sink in the world ocean silica cycle.

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Section: Implications For the Preservation Of Bsio 2 In The Nscs Sedi...supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and dissolution kinetics of biogenic silica in sediments of the northern South China Sea

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Our calculations of F bSi and A bSi combined with a previously published estimate of biogenic Si exported from the bottom of the euphotic zone in the northern South China Sea (Ma et al 2022) suggest that approximately 4% of that exported material is ultimately buried in sediments, with about 67% recycled in the water column and 29% recycled at the sediment-water interface (see Supplementary Material S4). This preservation rate of biogenic Si is low compared to the 8% global average (Tréguer et al 2021).…”

Section: Loss Of Diatoms and Biogenic Si Due To Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The sinking fluxes of biogenic Si in the water column ( F bsi ) and accumulation rate in the sediments ( A bSi ), expressed in terms of mole fluxes (mmol m −2 d −1 ) to facilitate comparison with published global and regional marine silica budgets (e.g., Tréguer and De La Rocha 2013; Tréguer et al 2021; Ma et al 2022), were calculated as follows:

F_{bSi} = C_{bSi (particle)} \times F_{particle}

A_{bSi} = C_{bSi (sediment)} \times A_{sediment}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Ran,

Wiesner,

Liang

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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Diatoms and biogenic silica (biogenic Si) in sediments are commonly analyzed as paleoceanographic environmental indicators. However, the correspondence between these sedimentary components and their counterparts in the water column above can vary over time and space. This study, undertaken in the northern South China Sea, compares diatoms and biogenic Si in sinking particles from the water column with those in surface sediments below. The results indicate substantial losses of diatoms and biogenic Si during sinking and burial, along with changes in diatom assemblages. About 6% of diatoms sinking from 1000 m depth are estimated to be preserved in sediments: 32% are recycled in the water column and 62% are lost at the sediment–water interface. Approximately, 12% of biogenic Si is preserved in sediments: 6% is remineralized in the water column and 82% is lost at the sediment–water interface. The differences between diatom and biogenic Si preservation and remineralization are likely due to differences in dissolution resistance among the various diatom species and between diatoms and other silicifiers (e.g., radiolarians), along with effects of lateral transport. This variability introduces uncertainties into paleoceanographic inferences made from these two proxies from the sediments. Thalassionema nitzschioides was found to dominate sediment assemblages, which we attribute to its great resistance to dissolution, and to be negatively correlated with diatom sinking fluxes. These properties suggest that in the northern South China Sea, T. nitzschioides may potentially be useful as an indicator of low paleoproductivity (e.g., as seen during strong El Niño events).

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Muddy sediments are an important potential source of silicon in coastal and continental margin zones

Zhu,

Liu,

Leynaert

et al. 2024

Marine Chemistry

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Silicon balance in the South China Sea

Cited by 5 publications

References 134 publications

Distribution and dissolution kinetics of biogenic silica in sediments of the northern South China Sea

Distribution and dissolution kinetics of biogenic silica in sediments of the northern South China Sea

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Muddy sediments are an important potential source of silicon in coastal and continental margin zones

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