Silicon-Based Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Zhang, Ji‐Guang; Wang, Wei; Xiao, Jie; Xu, Wu; Graff, Gordon L.; Yang, Gary; Choi, Daiwon; Wang, Deyu; Li, Xin; Li, Jun

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5791-6_15

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The energy density values are calculated by multiplication of capacity values with respective cell voltage. As the Li + intercalation potential of graphite (0.1 V) is lower than Si (0.37–0.45 V) 10 , the operational voltage for graphite anode based LIBs will be higher than SCC anode based LIBs 25 26 . Because of the low amount of Si in SCC, it is assumed that the operational voltage of graphite anode based LIB will be 0.1 V higher than SCC anode based LIB, which is in agreement with experimental work 5 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Dash

Pannala

2016

Sci Rep

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Silicon (Si) is under consideration as a potential next-generation anode material for the lithium ion battery (LIB). Experimental reports of up to 40% increase in energy density of Si anode based LIBs (Si-LIBs) have been reported in literature. However, this increase in energy density is achieved when the Si-LIB is allowed to swell (volumetrically expand) more than graphite based LIB (graphite-LIB) and beyond practical limits. The volume expansion of LIB electrodes should be negligible for applications such as automotive or mobile devices. We determine the theoretical bounds of Si composition in a Si–carbon composite (SCC) based anode to maximize the volumetric energy density of a LIB by constraining the external dimensions of the anode during charging. The porosity of the SCC anode is adjusted to accommodate the volume expansion during lithiation. The calculated threshold value of Si was then used to determine the possible volumetric energy densities of LIBs with SCC anode (SCC-LIBs) and the potential improvement over graphite-LIBs. The level of improvement in volumetric and gravimetric energy density of SCC-LIBs with constrained volume is predicted to be less than 10% to ensure the battery has similar power characteristics of graphite-LIBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Dash

Pannala

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Silicon has an excellent theoretical capacity of 4,200 mAh/g (Zhou et al, 2014). However, volume changes of ~300% occur during the lithiation and delithiation process, because the silicon cracks during cycling, resulting in irreversible capacity loss (Beaulieu at al., 2001;Maranchi et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2012). Silicon also has low conductivity (6.7×10 -4 S cm -1 ) (Chen et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012;), and an oxide layer forms on the surface (Li et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of LTO Nanorods with AC/Nano-Si Composite as Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

Syahrial¹,

Margaretha

Priyono³

et al. 2018

IJTech

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In this study, the synthesis of lithium titanate (LTO) composite with 3 wt% activated carbons (AC) and 10 wt%, 15 wt%, as well as 20 wt% of nano silicon (nano-Si) are carried out. LTO has zero-strain characteristics and has a long life cycle. However, its capacity is limited, and it has poor electrical conductivity. The addition of nano-Si aims to enhance its capacity, while the AC aims to provide a large specific surface area to increase electrical conductivity. The nanorod templates are made from titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is obtained from titanium (IV) butoxide using the sol-gel method. Nanorod structures are achieved by a hydrothermal process in a 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. However, needle-like structures are also observed, and the Li2TiO3 phase is finally formed. Battery performance is determined by CV, CD, and EIS tests. EIS results show that the highest electrical conductivity is found in LTO only; the CV test results show that the highest specific capacity is found in LTO-AC/15% nano-Si, at 140.7 mAh/g, as well as a charge-discharge (CD) capacity at a current rate of 0.2 to 20 C.

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Retraction Note: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Dash

Pannala

2019

Sci Rep

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The editors retract this article. Equation (3) in the article, describing the porosity of the anode, contains a normalization error. Instead of using the volume fractions of silicon and graphite in the calculation of the anode porosity, their weight fractions are used. When the relationship between the volumetric capacity of the anode and the silicon amount (Figure 2 in the article) is correctly calculated, this relationship does no longer have a maximum: the volumetric capacity continuously increases with the increasing silicon amount in the anode. The relationships between volumetric and gravimetric capacities of electrodes made with different materials, shown in Figure 3, no longer hold. Since the conclusions of the article are based on the presence of the threshold value of Si amount in the electrode, which is incorrect, the editors retract the article. The authors disagree with the retraction.

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Silicon-Based Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Cited by 4 publications

References 118 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Synthesis of LTO Nanorods with AC/Nano-Si Composite as Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

Retraction Note: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

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