Silicon Deficiency Induces Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Activity in Cultures of Four Marine Diatoms

Fuentes, Soledad; Wikfors, Gary H.; Meseck, Shannon L.

doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9695-z

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…8,9 As a consequence, the expression of enzymes linked to the physiological condition of the cells characterizes a stress in nutrient for numerous plankton species. [10][11][12][13][14] Among these enzymes, the alkaline phosphatase is reported to be expressed under orthophosphate starvation in some basins and its activity is used as an indicator of orthophosphate limitation. [15][16][17][18] Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) is mainly measured in bulk or as a presence-absence of enzyme activity using soluble substrates and enzyme labelled fluorescence (ELF) methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplankton are known to develop strategies to survive under these oligotrophic conditions . The activation of specific metabolic pathways to use organic matter increases the sources of nutrients available in the water column. , As a consequence, the expression of enzymes linked to the physiological condition of the cells characterizes a stress in a nutrient for numerous plankton species. − Among these enzymes, alkaline phosphatase is reported to be expressed under orthophosphate starvation in some basins, and its activity is used as an indicator of orthophosphate limitation. − …”

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confidence: 99%

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High-Content Screening of Plankton Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Microfluidics

et al. 2018

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One way for phytoplankton to survive orthophosphate depletion is to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus by expressing alkaline phosphatase. The actual methods to assay alkaline phosphate activity-either in bulk or as a presence/absence of enzyme activity-fail to provide information on individual living cells. In this context, we develop a new microfluidic method to compartmentalize cells in 0.5 nL water-in-oil droplets and measure alkaline phosphatase activity at the single-cell level. We use enzyme-labeled fluorescence (ELF), which is based on the hydrolysis of ELF-P substrate, to monitor in real time and at the single-cell level both qualitative and quantitative information on cell physiology (i.e., localization and number of active enzyme sites and alkaline phosphatase kinetics). We assay the alkaline phosphatase activity of Tetraselmis sp. as a function of the dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration and show that the time scale of the kinetics spans 1 order of magnitude. The advantages of subnanoliter-scale compartmentalization in droplet-based microfluidics provide a precise characterization of a population with single-cell resolution. Our results highlight the key role of cell physiology to efficiently access dissolved organic phosphorus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

High-Content Screening of Plankton Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Microfluidics

et al. 2018

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“…This study indicated that the treatment of alfalfa plants with an insoluble P form drastically reduced P content in both the shoots (39%) and roots (86%) of alfalfa plants relative to those received soluble P form. However, as suggested by Fuentes et al (2014) and Billah et al (2019), Si incorporation to the growth medium of P-deficient alfalfa plants or their inoculation with PF9 strain significantly improved APase activity, which consequently improved P acquisition and the improvements for both the shoots (plus 180%) and roots (plus 99%) were more pronounced when the alfalfa plants were simultaneously treated with Si and inoculated with PF9. Similar results have been found in T. aestivum under P starvation (Rezakhani et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Silicon- and Phosphate-Solubilizing Pseudomonas alkylphenolica PF9 Alleviate Low Phosphorus Availability Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

et al. 2022

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Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major limiting factor facing current agriculture in several agricultural areas. Many P fertilizers are applied to enhance P availability; however, the major part is likely to lose due to various processes related to P cycle. Silicon (Si) treatment and P-solubilizing bacteria inoculation have been emerged as a promising way to improve plant P nutrition. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of Si treatment and Pseudomonas alkylphenolica PF9 strain inoculation on plant growth, P nutrition, acid phosphatase (APase) activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant metabolism in the Moroccan alfalfa population Oued Lmalah (OL) under low P availability. Results revealed a significant reduction in dry biomass, plant height, leaf number, and area under low P conditions. P deficiency also altered P nutrition and chlorophyll (Chl) content. However, P-deficient alfalfa plants treated with Si or inoculated with PF9 strain displayed higher plant growth, Chl content, and remarkably the effect was much higher when Si was applied together with PF9 strain. Moreover, the simultaneous application of Si and PF9 strain to the P-deficient alfalfa plants improved APase activity and as a result, P contents in both the shoots and roots. Results also showed that the application of both the Si and PF9 counteracted the low P availability stress-induced oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation. This seems to be related to the ability of both the Si and PF9 strain to modulate both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules including superoxide dismutase activity, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and proline contents. Our findings suggest that the combined application of Si and P. alkylphenolica PF9 strain could be a promising way for improving growth of alfalfa under low-P availability.

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“…This is also supported by the significantly elevated APA in the surface waters. APA has been employed as a proxy for P stress in phytoplankton (Dyhrman & Palenik 1999, Dyhrman & Ruttenberg 2006, Ou et al 2006, but may also reflect other physiological stresses (Fuentes et al 2014). Heterotrophic bacteria also express phosphatase (Martinez et al 1996, Hoppe 2003, so the APA in total community measurements (> 0.2 μm fraction), as done here, cannot be ascribed solely to phytoplankton.…”

Section: Nutrients N:p Ratio Apa and Domoic Acidmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of the biological, physical, and chemical properties of a toxic thin layer in a temperate marine system

McManus

Greer

Timmerman

et al. 2021

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The distribution of plankton in the ocean is patchy across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. One type of oceanographic feature that exemplifies this patchiness is a ‘thin layer’. Thin layers are subsurface aggregations of plankton that range in vertical thickness from centimeters to a few meters, which may extend horizontally for kilometers and persist for days. We undertook a field campaign to characterize the biological, physical, and chemical properties of thin layers in Monterey Bay, California (USA), an area where these features can be persistent. The particle aggregates (marine snow) sampled in the study had several quantifiable properties indicating how the layer was formed and how its structure was maintained. Particles were more elongated above the layer, and then changed orientation angle and increased in size within the layer, suggesting passive accumulation of particles along a physical gradient. The shift in particle aggregate orientation angle near the pycnocline suggests that shear may also have played a role in generating the thin layer. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were the most abundant phytoplankton within the thin layer. Further, both dissolved and particulate domoic acid were highest within the thin layer. We suggest that phosphate stress is responsible for the formation of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. aggregates. This stress together with increased nitrogen in the layer may lead to increased bloom toxicity in the subsurface blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Several zooplankton groups were observed to aggregate above and below the layer. With the knowledge that harmful algal bloom events can occur in subsurface thin layers, modified sampling methods to monitor for these hidden incubators could greatly improve the efficacy of early-warning systems designed to detect harmful algal blooms in coastal waters.

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Silicon Deficiency Induces Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Activity in Cultures of Four Marine Diatoms

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

High-Content Screening of Plankton Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Microfluidics

High-Content Screening of Plankton Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Microfluidics

Silicon- and Phosphate-Solubilizing Pseudomonas alkylphenolica PF9 Alleviate Low Phosphorus Availability Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Characterization of the biological, physical, and chemical properties of a toxic thin layer in a temperate marine system

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