Silicon Fertilization and Seed Microbiolization on Disease Severity and Agronomic Performance of Upland Rice

Abstract

Rice is one of the world’s most consumed cereals, however, its production is affected by fungal diseases. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the severity of diseases and grain yield potential of upland rice with silicon fertilization combined with seed microbiolization with Bacillus methylotrophicus isolates. Two experiments were conducted, one in Igarapé do Meio, Maranhão (MA), Brazil, with rice seeds of the variety Palha-Murcha and one in São Bento MA with rice seeds of the variety BRS-Primavera. A randomized block experimental design in a split-plot arrangement with five replications were used in both experiments, with agro-silicon rates (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Mg ha-1) in the plots and microbiolized and non-microbiolized rice seeds with B. Methylotrophicus at concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in the subplots. The seedling emergence, grain yield, number of panicles, plant height, plant dry weight and severity of brown leafspot, leaf scald and grain spot were evaluated. Soil fertilization with agro-silicon affected positively the plant height of the variety Palha-Murcha and the number of panicles, plant dry weight and grain yield of the variety BRS-Primavera, and negatively the germination of the variety BRS-Primavera. Leaf scald severity in the variety BRS-Primavera reduced with microbiolized seeds with B. methylotropicus. Microbiolization with B. methylotropicus had no effect on severity of brown leafspot and grain spot in the varieties evaluated.

Crescimento, biomassa e qualidade fisiológica do arroz em função da aplicação foliarde silício

“…Desta forma, os efeitos benéficos são expressos nas plantas pelo Si depositado nas folhas e ramos (Sousa et al, 2010). As plantas de arroz são consideradas como acumuladoras de Si (Prado, 2008), sendo que diversas pesquisas tem se demonstrado resultados satisfatórios pelo elemento benéfico (Pereira et al, 2004;Bueno et al, 2017;Nascimento et al, 2018).…”

“…As plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.)sãoclassificadas como acumuladoras de silício (Si)apresentando alta resposta na produção por meio da adubação silicatada (Pereira et al, 2004;Moraes et al, 2011;Shi et al, 2013;Nascimento et al, 2018).Isto porque, após absorção do Si, o mesmo é depositado na parede celular da epiderme formando uma dupla camada de sílica-cutícula e sílica-celulosa, promovendo vários benefícios para as plantas, como redução da transpiraçãoe aumento a eficiência de uso da água (Ma eYamaji, 2006).…”

Genetic progress of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines for disease resistance

“…The presence of panicle disease can also cause direct damage to the final product, with grain depreciation and reduction in seed physiological and sanitary quality. Grains may be plastered, brittle and stained, which negatively affects the final yield, quality and commercial typification of the product, respectively (Bedendo, 1997; EMBRAPA, 2006; Nascimento, Rodrigues, Braun, Santos, & Catarino, 2018; Prabhu & Filippi, 2006; Santos et al., 2009; Santos et al, 2011; Soares, Raphael, Bortolotto, Nora, & Gruhn, 2014; SOSBAI, 2016). These losses may be higher or lower depending on the resistance, the stage at which the crop is affected and the severity of the disease in a particular cultivar (Prabhu et al, 2012).…”

Silicon (Si) and salinity stress on the agronomic performances of bok choy (Brassica rappa L.) in an Entisols

“…This is similar to the results of some previous studies which showed that the provision of silicon to the saline soil could alleviate the negative effect of salinity stress on processes such as root growth and shoot growth (Zare et al, 2015). The improvement in fresh weight and dry weight of plants was due to improvements in the physiological processes in the plants, which in turn improved the availability of other nutrients (Nascimento et al, 2018). This is supported by the finding of Azizi et al (2016) that the application of silicon prevented Na + accumulation and enhanced K + content in Medicago scutellata plants.…”

“…The negative effects of salinity stress can be corrected with the application of proper fertilizers and soil amendments (Makoi & Verplancke, 2010). Silicon is deemed to be a potential nutrient to improve the agronomic performance of the plant and alleviate abiotic stresses such as the salinity problem in coastal Entisols (Ahmed et al, 2011;Hanafy Ahmed et al, 2008;Nascimento et al, 2018;Sabaghnia & Janmohammadi, 2015;Zare et al, 2015). Some other studies showed that Silicon also reduces the uptake of sodium by plants (Farooq et al, 2019;Ning et al, 2014) and increases the content of polyamines under salt stress (Yin et al, 2016), uptake of K (Ghassemi-Golezani & Lotfi, 2015;Soundararajan et al, 2017;Tantawy et al, 2015), increased resistance to essential nutrient deficiencies, and enhanced photosynthesis of plants (Ma & Takahashi, 2002).…”