Silicon-induced reversibility of cadmium toxicity in rice

Farooq, Muhammad; Detterbeck, Amelie; Clemens, Stephan; Dietz, Karl‐Josef

doi:10.1093/jxb/erw175

Cited by 132 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Oxidative stress is a hallmark feature of stress (Mittler, ; Apel & Hirt, ; Gill & Tuteja, ) and its reduction by Si, by upregulating antioxidant activity, is a proposed major mode of action (Liang, ; Liang et al ., , ; Zhu et al ., ; Gong et al ., ; Gunes et al ., ; Farooq et al ., ; Hasanuzzaman et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; cf. Mateos‐Naranjo et al ., ).…”

Section: Silicon and Abiotic Stress: A Proliferation Of Proposed Mechmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Correction added after online publication 14 July 2018: 'heavy' has been deleted from the preceding sentence.] Oxidative stress is a hallmark feature of stress (Mittler, 2002;Apel & Hirt, 2004;Gill & Tuteja, 2010) and its reduction by Si, by upregulating antioxidant activity, is a proposed major mode of action (Liang, 1999;Liang et al, 2003Liang et al, , 2006Zhu et al, 2004;Gong et al, 2005;Gunes et al, 2007;Farooq et al, 2016;Hasanuzzaman et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2017;cf. Mateos-Naranjo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Silicon and Abiotic Stress: A Proliferation Of Proposed Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology

et al. 2018

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Contents Summary 67 I. Introduction 68 II. Silicon transport in plants: to absorb or not to absorb 69 III. The role of silicon in plants: not just a matter of semantics 71 IV. Silicon and biotic stress: beyond mechanical barriers and defense priming 76 V. Silicon and abiotic stress: a proliferation of proposed mechanisms 78 VI. The apoplastic obstruction hypothesis: a working model 79 VII. Perspectives and conclusions 80 Acknowledgements 81 References 81 SUMMARY: Silicon (Si) is not classified as an essential plant nutrient, and yet numerous reports have shown its beneficial effects in a variety of species and environmental circumstances. This has created much confusion in the scientific community with respect to its biological roles. Here, we link molecular and phenotypic data to better classify Si transport, and critically summarize the current state of understanding of the roles of Si in higher plants. We argue that much of the empirical evidence, in particular that derived from recent functional genomics, is at odds with many of the mechanistic assertions surrounding Si's role. In essence, these data do not support reports that Si affects a wide range of molecular-genetic, biochemical and physiological processes. A major reinterpretation of Si's role is therefore needed, which is critical to guide future studies and inform agricultural practice. We propose a working model, which we term the 'apoplastic obstruction hypothesis', which attempts to unify the various observations on Si's beneficial influences on plant growth and yield. This model argues for a fundamental role of Si as an extracellular prophylactic agent against biotic and abiotic stresses (as opposed to an active cellular agent), with important cascading effects on plant form and function.

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Section: Silicon and Abiotic Stress: A Proliferation Of Proposed Mechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Silicon and Abiotic Stress: A Proliferation Of Proposed Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology

et al. 2018

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“…Silicon plays several roles in metal uptake, translocation and metal binding associated with Cd tolerance in different plant species (Rogalla & Romheld ; Greger et al ; Kabir et al ). Studies have shown that high Si (1.0–1.5 m m ) is useful to mitigate Cd toxicity in rice (Farooq et al ), wheat (Greger et al ) and alfalfa (Kabir et al ). In regulating the translocation of heavy metals to the shoot, an important strategy is to create complexes between such heavy metals and other substances, such as amino acids, phytochelatins and organic acids (Sanita di Toppi & Gabbrielli ; Cho et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon induces phytochelatin and ROS scavengers facilitating cadmium detoxification in rice

et al. 2020

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Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to crops and the environment. This work examines the natural mechanisms underlying silicon-(Si-)directed Cd detoxification in rice plants.• The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, F v /F m and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls, confirming that Si is able to ameliorate Cd-induced damage in rice plants. This morpho-physiological evidence was correlated with decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage after Si application.• The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd-stressed rice. Additionally, expression of Cd transporters (OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2) was significantly down-regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cdstressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment. This confirms that the alleviation of Cd stress is not only limited to the down-regulation of Cd transporters but also closely related to the phytochelatin-driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots.• The enzymatic analysis further revealed the role of SOD and GR enzymes in protecting rice plants from Cd-induced oxidative harm. These findings suggest a mechanistic basis in rice plants for Si-mediated mitigation of Cd stress.Plant Biology 22 (2020) 472-479

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“…In addition, Si‐based resistance is reported to be associated with the production of defensive substances such as oxidative enzymes, phytoalexins, lignin and suberin, compounds that are intimately related to plant resistance against pathogen infection and herbivore attack both above‐ (Han et al., ; Ma & Yamaji, ) and belowground (Frew, Allsopp, Gherlenda, & Johnson, ). Finally, Si was reported to alleviate the negative abiotic effects of salinity (Liu et al., ), drought (Chen, Yao, Cai, & Chen, ) and heavy metal toxicity (Farooq, Detterbeck, Clemens, & Dietz, ) in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon application promotes rice growth and negatively affects development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

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et al. 2017

J Applied Entomology

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Silicon (Si) has been reported to enhance plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stressors and also benefit plant growth. These effects are more pronounced in grass species, especially with soil-applied Si. This study investigated the effects of Si application on rice resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda development and plant vegetative growth. Effects of Si on rice were assessed via soil and foliar applications and compared with untreated plants (control). Si was soil-and foliar-applied as 1% silicic acid solution at a dosage equivalent to 1.4 t Si per ha. After application, leaf material was collected from Si-treated and untreated plants and placed in Petri dishes with individual S. frugiperda neonate larvae, where development was followed to adult emergence and biological parameters recorded. Vegetative growth parameters recorded in rice plants were the height, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weights of shoots, and shoot Si content. No effects of Si application were observed on the durations of larval and pupal stages, larval and pupal survival, and sex ratio of S. frugiperda. Insects fed leaves from Si-treated plants exhibited lower leaf consumption, larval and pupal weights, longevity of males and females, number of eggs, and egg viability. The negative effects were correlated with higher rice Si content. Si application to rice increased plant height, chlorophyll content and dry weight. Our study demonstrates that foliarapplied Si is as efficient as soil-applied Si in negatively affecting S. frugiperda development and providing beneficial effects on rice plant growth. K E Y W O R D Sfall armyworm, integrated pest management, Oryza sativa L., plant resistance, silicic acid

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Silicon-induced reversibility of cadmium toxicity in rice

Abstract: HighlightRice exposed to a toxic cadmium concentration recovers from toxicity symptoms after supplementation of the medium with silicon, and transcript levels of marker genes are readjusted to that in unstressed conditions.

Cited by 132 publications

References 87 publications

The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology

The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology

Silicon induces phytochelatin and ROS scavengers facilitating cadmium detoxification in rice

Silicon application promotes rice growth and negatively affects development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

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