Silicon influence on resistance induction against Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and on vegetative development in two soybean cultivars

Abstract

The potential of populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) to become resistant to insecticides has stimulated research into alternative tactics of integrated pest management such as the induction of hostplant resistance. Recent data have shown that silicon can increase the degree of resistance of host plants to insect pests. Therefore the aim of our work was to study the effects of silicon application on the vegetative development of soybean plants and on the induction of resistance to the silverleaf white ly, B. tabaci biotype B. We performed choice and no-choice tests of oviposition preference on two soybean cultivars, IAC-19 (moderately resistant to B. tabaci biotype B) and MONSOY-8001 (susceptible), with and without application of silicon. Silicon did not affect silverleaf white ly oviposition preferences, but caused signi icant mortality in nymphs. Thus, silicon increased the degree of resistance to silverleaf white ly. Silicon decreased the production of phenolic compounds, but did not affect lignin production. However, when applied to cultivar IAC-19, it increased the production of non-protein organic nitrogen. Silicon had no effect on the vegetative development of soybean plants, but it increased the degree of resistance to the silverleaf white ly. We conclude that silicon applications combined with cultivar IAC-19 can signi icantly decrease silverleaf white ly populations, having a positive impact both on the soybean plant and on the environment.

Silicon‐mediated resistance against specialist insects in sap‐sucking and leaf‐chewing guilds in the Si non‐accumulator collard

“…However, our results indicate that Si interfered with the secondary metabolism of collard that was not stressed by herbivore damage, increasing the production of constitutive GLS. Many other studies indicate that Si improves constitutive resistance against herbivorous insects, but they rarely assessed whether secondary metabolites are increased (Correa et al, 2005;Laing et al, 2006;Almeida et al, 2009;Keeping et al, 2009;Reynolds et al, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2011;Kornd€ orfer et al, 2011;Dias et al, 2014;Juma et al, 2015;Han et al, 2016).…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that soil or foliar Si application can decrease insect feeding, preference, development or, less commonly, abundance in some host crops (Correa et al, 2005;Kvedaras & Keeping, 2007;Ranger et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2011;Ferreira et al, 2011;Kornd€ orfer et al, 2011;Nabity et al, 2012;Dias et al, 2014;Han et al, 2015;Juma et al, 2015;Nikpay et al, 2015); however, the underlying mechanisms of plant resistance are still not fully understood. There are two general assumptions for Si-mediation of plant resistance against pathogens and insects (Fauteux et al, 2005;Reynolds et al, 2009Reynolds et al, , 2016.…”

Study of Potassium Silicate Spraying in Coffee Plants to Control <i>Oligonychus ilicis</i> (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…The increase of lignin in leaf tissues of coffee plants fertilized with sodium or calcium silicate has already been reported [25], but no increase in lignin content was observed with the application of silicon in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril, Fabaceae] [26]. The secondary metabolites produced by the plants can be toxics or deterrents of feeding to the herbivores, causing nutritional limitation [27].…”

Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Citrus: Opportunities and Challenges to Implement a Sustainable Management

“…Mortality on egg (90-100%) Gamma irradiation (200 Gy) [45] essential nutritional element to the plants [49], but as potassium silicate, calcium silicate, and sodium silicate from other sources has determined the tolerance of many plant species to insects [50][51][52][53]. Silicon promoted cuticle thickening and accumulation of crystals on the leaf stomata in sugarcane [54].…”