Silicon‐Modified Carbohydrate Surfactants V: The Wetting Behaviour of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Siloxane, Carbosilane, Silane and Polysilane Precursors on Low‐Energy Surfaces

Wagner, R.; Richter, L.; Wu, Y.; Weißmüller, J.; Reiners, J.; Hengge, E.; Kleewein, A.; Hassler, K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0739(199708)11:8<645::aid-aoc600>3.3.co;2-s

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The AP, which only has the phenyl groups, has the highest surface energy, and the surface energy of the ACP, which consists of both the alkyl groups and the phenyl groups, has the value in between those of AC and AP. In general, if one of the pendant groups on the silicon is a bulk group such as phenyl, the surface energy is relatively high,23, 24 our results agree with it. On the other hand, it has been known that the incorporation of nonpolar CH 2  moieties into hydrocarbon structures leads to increased surface tensions, so as to siloxanes 9.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This may be due to that fact that the AC has long alkyl substituents and the epoxy groups,9 as well as unique ladderlike chain structure. As we know, the linear siloxane has the unusually flexible SiOSi bonds (bond angles between 105 and 180°)24 in the siloxanyl moiety. This backbone flexibility and its incompatibility with other organic polymers make SiOSi bonds easily moving to the surface and thus produce low energy surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface study of ladderlike polyepoxysiloxanes

Chen¹,

Lin²,

Pramoda³

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface study of ladderlike polyepoxysiloxanes

Chen¹,

Lin²,

Pramoda³

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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“…function was formed, whereas the secondary amino group did not yield a considerable amount of by-products. The amidation of amine functional siloxanes has been reported previously by Wagner and colleagues (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Equation 2 describes an easy one-step synthesis of the oligoethylene glycol diglycidyl ethers from oligoethylene glycols and epichlorohydrin under phase-transfer conditions (PTC) in the presence of sodium hydroxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Synthesis and characterization of glucosamide‐based trisiloxane gemini surfactants

Zhang

2004

J Surfact & Detergents

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A new family of glucosamide-based trisiloxane gemini surfactants of the general formula (CH 2 OCH 2 ) n (Me 3 SiOSiMeR 1 OSiMe 3 ) 2 (where R 1 = (CH 2 ) 3 NR 2 (CH 2 ) 2 NHCO (CHOH) 4 CH 2 OH; R 2 = CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OCH 2 ; and n = 0, 1, or 2) was prepared and characterized, both structurally and as aqueous surfactants. The monomer was prepared by amidation of the precursor amine functional trisiloxane with D-gluconic acid δ-lactone. Gemini surfactants were then prepared by the alkylation of the precursor secondary amine with oligoethylene glycol diglycidyl ethers. They were structurally characterized by proton and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Members of this family reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 21 mN/m at concentration levels of 10 −5 mol/L. These gemini compounds showed two critical aggregation concentration values. This behavior resulted from the formation of premicellar aggregates before true micelles were formed.In recent years, silicone surfactants have attracted considerable interest because of their many technical applications. Owing to their unique molecular structure compared with that of normal hydrocarbon surfactants, they have excellent surface-active properties for special purposes. They can also reduce the surface tension of water to lower values than can be obtained using traditional organic surfactants. Furthermore, because of their bulkiness and molecular structure, the adhesion forces between the individual molecules in interfacial films are small; for this reason, the compounds act as good wetting agents. Silicone surfactants are also known for their low physiological risk in cosmetic applications.In contrast, sugar-based surfactants have been known for many years. In recent years, they have begun to be produced on an industrial scale and their use has gradually increased because of their valuable properties, such as good dermatological compatibility, excellent biodegradability, and the absence of toxic effects.Over a decade ago, gemini (dimeric) surfactants, a new class of surfactants consisting of two hydrophobic chains and two hydrophilic headgroups connected by a relatively short (rigid or flexible) spacer, were developed. These dimeric compounds show improved surfactant properties compared with monomeric surfactants. Gemini surfactants have attracted considerable interest, since these compounds have much smaller critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, much greater efficiency in reducing surface tension than expected, and better aggregation behavior. Gemini surfactants have been generating increasing interest owing to their tunable molecular geometry and their superior performance in applications (the CMC of the gemini is very low, so less gemini may be needed to reduce the surface tension of the solution).The unique surfactant properties of gemini surfactants have prompted investigations by a number of researchers. Those that have been studied in greatest depth, in terms of their physicochemical behavior, have been the cationic gemin...

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“…2a and 2b). [5,9] The proposed [10] universal relation cos Q = f (g lv ) does not exist (i.e., compound 3 g lv 24.8 mN/m, Q 42 o ; compound 4 g lv 25.0 mN/ m, Q 55 o ). For numerous practical wetting situations on given solid surfaces, the exclusive measurement of the liquid surface tension is insufficient and misleading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%