Silicon modulates multi-layered defense against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis

Wang, Lili; Dong, Min; Zhang, Qiong; Wu, Ying; Hu, Liang; Parson, James F.; Eisenstein, Edward; Du, Xing; Xiao, Shaobo

doi:10.1186/s42483-020-00048-9

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, silicification is a potent physical defence against leaf‐chewing herbivores, particularly due to its abrasive nature (Andama et al., 2020; Massey & Hartley, 2009). Moreover, silicification could potentially affect phytohormonal pathways, such as jasmonic acid (JA) following herbivory (Hall et al., 2019) and salicylic acid (SA) upon pathogen infections (Wang et al., 2020). Silicification could also affect plant performance (Schaller et al., 2017) and other plant functional traits, such as cell/tissue structures, growth, physiology and elemental composition (Cooke & Leishman, 2011b; Detmann et al., 2012; He et al., 2015; Klotzbücher et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria

et al. 2021

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Silicon (Si) uptake and deposition (silicification) in tissues is known to alleviate stresses and generally improve plant health. This is mostly studied in Si‐high accumulators, such as grasses, with comparatively less known about its effects on other plant functional groups, such as legumes. There is speculation that Si may positively impact the symbiosis between legumes and the nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (rhizobia) they associate with, but this is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of Si enrichment on legume species associated with rhizobia and the potential underlying mechanism of Si impacts. We conducted a glasshouse experiment with lucerne Medicago sativa and barrel medic M. truncatula associated with a model rhizobial strain. Six genotypes (three per species) were either supplemented with Si (+Si) or untreated (−Si). We quantified 16 functional traits which could be classified as plant growth, physiology, elemental chemistry, nodule activity and nitrogen fixation. The two legume species responded to Si distinctively. For example, Si supplementation increased shoot biomass by more than 10% in lucerne but growth was unaffected in barrel medic. Conversely, nitrogen‐fixing enzyme (nitrogenase) activity was promoted by more than 85% in +Si barrel medic plants but not in lucerne. Moreover, Si supplementation of lucerne increased the concentrations of Si in leaves by more than 36% but not in root nodules. Increased foliar concentrations of Si in lucerne were positively associated with increased shoot and root biomass in Sequel and Trifecta genotypes, respectively. Conversely, Si supplementation of barrel medic increased the concentration of Si in root nodules by 29% but not that in foliar tissues. Nitrogenase activity and where silicification occurred, differed between genotypes in barrel medic; nitrogenase activity was correlated with concentrations of Si in root nodules rather than that in foliar tissues in one genotype (Sephi) but the reverse was true in another (Hannaford). This study demonstrates that two closely related legume species can respond to Si in distinct ways, depending on plant genotype and symbiosis. These results present the overlooked function of Si in legume–rhizobia interactions, which could potentially enhance productivity of this important group of plants. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria

et al. 2021

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“…Pathogen induced deposition of callose may help seal off nutrients, water and impair signalling between pathogen and host 23 . Furthermore, based on work on Arabidopsis thaliana , it was suggested 33 and later corroborated 34 that callose formation was important for Si accumulation, forming a framework for Si deposition to strengthen the cell wall. The elevated expression of GLS5 near pathogen infection attempts in the current experiments appear to support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Site‐specific, silicon‐induced structural and molecular defence responses against powdery mildew infection in roses

Shetty

Jensen

Shelton

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Silicon (Si) application to miniature potted roses can decrease severity of powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) and this is associated with increased accumulation of callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as hypersensitive (HR) cells. We used microscopy, gene expression and specific inhibitors of callose and H2O2 to determine how effective these plant responses are in stopping infection. RESULTS Pathogen arrest in Si‐treated (Si+) plants was accompanied by increased accumulation of callose and H2O2 in papillae and HR cells, respectively. These responses were reduced by application of specific inhibitors (2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose for callose and catalase for H2O2), which increased disease severity in Si+, but not in Si− plants. As markers for HR and callose, expression of the HR‐specific gene hsr203J and the wound‐related callose synthase GSL5, respectively, was studied. An up‐regulation of expression was only seen after isolation of HR cells with laser capture microdissection. The up‐regulation was higher in Si+ than in Si− plants and occurred concomitantly with more efficient photosynthesis in Si+ plants at high disease severity as compared to Si− plants. CONCLUSION Silicon‐mediated activation of callose and H2O2 are decisive factors in the defence of rose against P. pannosa and these responses were accompanied with more efficient photosynthesis to strengthen the plant. Only by isolation of HR cells using laser capture microdissection as compared to analysis of whole leaf tissues allowed detection of elevated transcript levels of hsr203J and GSL5 at infection sites as markers for HR. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…This is consistent with recent findings in Arabidopsis . Wang et al (2020) found that Si-treatment will enhance the accumulation of JA and the resistance to powdery mildew. However, Si fertilization still enhances powdery mildew in the Arabidopsis coi1 mutant ( Wang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Wang et al (2020) found that Si-treatment will enhance the accumulation of JA and the resistance to powdery mildew. However, Si fertilization still enhances powdery mildew in the Arabidopsis coi1 mutant ( Wang et al, 2020 ). Overall, we conclude that JA biosynthesis, but not JA signaling pathway, is required to induce Si-mediated LB resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Application of Silicon Enhances Resistance Against Phytophthora infestans Through the ET/JA- and NPR1- Dependent Signaling Pathways in Potato

et al. 2021

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Late blight (LB), caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potato that is necessary to control by regularly treatment with fungicides. Silicon (Si) has been used to enhance plant resistance against a broad range of bacterial and fungal pathogens; however, the enhanced LB resistance and the molecular mechanisms involving the plant hormone pathways remain unclear. In this study, Si treatment of potato plants was found to enhance LB resistance in both detached leaves and living plants accompanied by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and pathogenesis-related genes expression. Regarding the hormone pathways involved in Si-mediated LB resistance, we found a rapidly increased content of ethylene (ET) 15 min after spraying with Si. Increased jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile and decreased salicylic acid (SA) were identified in plants at 1 day after spraying with Si and an additional 1 day after P. infestans EC1 infection. Furthermore, pretreatment with Me-JA enhanced resistance to EC1, while pretreatment with DIECA, an inhibitor of JA synthesis, enhanced the susceptibility and attenuated the Si-mediated resistance to LB. Consistent with these hormonal alterations, Si-mediated LB resistance was significantly attenuated in StETR1-, StEIN2-, StAOS-, StOPR3-, StNPR1-, and StHSP90-repressed plants but not in StCOI1- and StSID2-repressed plants using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). The Si-mediated accumulation of JA/JA-Ile was significantly attenuated in StETR1-, StEIN2-, StOPR3- and StHSP90-VIGS plants but not in StCOI1-, StSID2- and StNPR1-VIGS plants. Overall, we reveal that Si can be used as a putative alternative to fungicides to control LB, and conclude that Si-mediated LB resistance is dependent on the ET/JA-signaling pathways in a StHSP90- and StNPR1-dependent manner.

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Silicon modulates multi-layered defense against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria

Silicon enrichment alters functional traits in legumes depending on plant genotype and symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria

Site‐specific, silicon‐induced structural and molecular defence responses against powdery mildew infection in roses

Foliar Application of Silicon Enhances Resistance Against Phytophthora infestans Through the ET/JA- and NPR1- Dependent Signaling Pathways in Potato

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