Silicon nanoparticles in higher plants: Uptake, action, stress tolerance, and crosstalk with phytohormones, antioxidants, and other signalling molecules

Mukarram, Mohammad; Petrík, Peter; Mushtaq, Zeenat; Khan, M. Masroor A.; Gulfishan, Mohd; Lee, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119855

Cited by 74 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…These results concord with a wealth of literature showing that herbivore feeding, particularly by chewing herbivores, stimulates the production of these two phytohormones. , Moreover, we found that the ND50 treatment significantly enhanced the leaf JA content in response to herbivory by 22.6%, while the SS50 treatment only tended to induce a slight increase in the concentration of JA (Figure A). It has been shown that both bulk-Si and nano-Si could act as an exogenous stimulant of plants, which could induce a faster increase in JA especially under herbivore stress conditions. , However, our results suggest that soil application of Si NDs could promote the maize leaf to synthesize more phytohormones in response to herbivory than silicate addition. We can speculate that this effect might be related to the fact that Si ND treatment increased more soil silicic acids and leaf Si accumulation than silicate addition (Figure S3, Figure A), in turn promoting the effect of nanosilicon on JA production via activating plant defense-related gene expression. , …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…It has been shown that both bulk-Si and nano-Si could act as an exogenous stimulant of plants, which could induce a faster increase in JA especially under herbivore stress conditions. 52,53 However, our results suggest that soil application of Si NDs could promote the maize leaf to synthesize more phytohormones in response to herbivory than silicate addition. We can speculate that this effect might be related to the fact that Si ND treatment increased more soil silicic acids and leaf Si accumulation than silicate addition (Figure S3, Figure 3A), in turn promoting the effect of nanosilicon on JA production via activating plant defenserelated gene expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Silicon Nanodots Increase Plant Resistance against Herbivores by Simultaneously Activating Physical and Chemical Defenses

et al. 2023

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Nanosilicon applications have been shown to increase plant defenses against both abiotic and biotic stresses. Silicon quantum nanodots (Si NDs), a form of nanosilicon, possess excellent biological and physiochemical properties (e.g., minimal size, high water solubility, stability, and biocompatibility), potentially making them more efficient in regulating plant responses to stress than other forms of silicon. However, to date, we still lack mechanistic evidence for how soil-applied Si NDs alter the regulation of plant physical and chemical defenses against insect herbivores. To address this gap, we compared the effect of fluorescent amine-functionalized Si NDs (5 nm) and the conventional fertilizer sodium silicate on maize (Zea mays L.) physical and chemical defenses against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata, Walker) caterpillars. We found that 50 mg/kg Si NDs and sodium silicate additions inhibited the growth of caterpillars the most (35.7% and 22.8%, respectively) as compared to other application doses (0, 10, and 150 mg/kg). Both Si NDs and silicate addition activated biosynthesis genes responsible for chemical (benzoxazinoids) and physical (lignin) defense production. Moreover, Si NDs upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and promoted the antioxidant metabolism (flavonoids) in maize leaves under M. separata attack. Finally, we show that, under field conditions, Si ND addition increased maize cob weight (28.7%), cob grain weight (40.8%), and 100-grain weight (26.5%) as compared to the control, and more so than the conventional silicon fertilizer. Altogether, our findings highlight the potential for Si NDs to be used as an effective and ecofriendly crop protection strategy in agroecosystems.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Silicon Nanodots Increase Plant Resistance against Herbivores by Simultaneously Activating Physical and Chemical Defenses

et al. 2023

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“…Our results showed that Si promoted growth of S. alfredii and significantly enhanced the biomass of S. alfredii ( Table 2 ). On the one hand, Si might improve mineral nutrition by reducing Cd toxicity of S. alfredii ( Mukarram et al., 2022 ), and Si was shown to accumulate in the leaf apoplast as polymer and thereby act as a defense line preventing Cd from entering cells ( Silva et al., 2017 ; Rahman et al., 2021 ). In addition, Si has been shown to alleviate the lipid peroxidation of membranes and promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, thus enhancing photosynthesis that is ultimately responsible for plant biomass production ( Rastogi et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous silicon promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance by enhancing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity

Zhou²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soil Cadmium (Cd) pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Silicon (Si) plays key roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in plants. However, the effects of Si on mitigation of Cd toxicity and accumulation of Cd by hyperaccumulators are largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Si on Cd accumulation and the physiological characteristics of Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance under Cd stress. Results showed that, exogenous Si application promoted the biomass, Cd translocation and concentration of S. alfredii, with an increased rate of 21.74-52.17% for shoot biomass, and 412.39-621.00% for Cd accumulation. Moreover, Si alleviated Cd toxicity by: (i) increasing chlorophyll contents, (ii) improving antioxidant enzymes, (iii) enhancing cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), (iv) raising the secretion of organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and L-malic acid). The RT-PCR analysis of genes that involved in Cd detoxification showed that the expression of SaNramp3, SaNramp6, SaHMA2 and SaHMA4 in roots were significantly decreased by 11.46-28.23%, 6.61-65.19%, 38.47-80.87%, 44.80-69.85% and 33.96-71.70% in the Si treatments, while Si significantly increased the expression of SaCAD. This study expanded understanding on the role of Si in phytoextraction and provided a feasible strategy for assisting phytoextraction Cd by S. alfredii. In summary, Si facilitated the Cd phytoextraction of S. alfredii by promoting plant growth and enhancing the resistance of plants to Cd.

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“…On many occasions, the growth-promoting potential of SiNPs during both optimal and stressful environments was reported (Tripathi et al, 2015;Nazaralian et al, 2017;Fatemi et al, 2021;Gonzaĺez-Moscoso et al, 2022). SiNPs, smaller than bulk silicon, might be absorbed faster and provide a higher surface area to interact with plant signalling molecules (Mukarram et al, 2022b). It renders a better plant performance with SiNPs over bulk silicon during stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It renders a better plant performance with SiNPs over bulk silicon during stress. SiNPs can be understood as 'sponges' that can chelate mineral nutrients and hold moisture for plant roots (Mukarram et al, 2022b). SiNPs can further induce secondary and lateral root growth which might also reinforce plant water and nutrient uptake (El-Dengawy et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) restore photosynthesis and essential oil content by upgrading enzymatic antioxidant metabolism in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under salt stress

et al. 2023

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Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) has great relevance considering the substantial commercial potential of its essential oil. Nevertheless, the increasing soil salinity poses an imminent threat to lemongrass cultivation given its moderate salt-sensitivity. For this, we used silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) to stimulate salt tolerance in lemongrass considering SiNPs special relevance to stress settings. Five foliar sprays of SiNPs 150 mg L-1 were applied weekly to NaCl 160 and 240 mM-stressed plants. The data indicated that SiNPs minimised oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content) while triggering a general activation of growth, photosynthetic performance, enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), and osmolyte proline (PRO). SiNPs amplified stomatal conductance and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate by about 24% and 21% in NaCl 160 mM-stressed plants. Associated benefits contributed to pronounced plant phenotype over their stressed counterparts, as we found. Foliar SiNPs sprays assuaged plant height by 30% and 64%, dry weight by 31% and 59%, and leaf area by 31% and 50% under NaCl 160 and 240 mM concentrations, respectively. SiNPs relieved enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POD) and osmolyte (PRO) in lemongrass plants stressed with NaCl 160 mM (9%, 11%, 9%, and 12%, respectively) and NaCl 240 mM (13%, 18%, 15%, and 23%, respectively). The same treatment supported the oil biosynthesis improving essential oil content by 22% and 44% during 160 and 240 mM salt stress, respectively. We found SiNPs can completely overcome NaCl 160 mM stress while significantly palliating NaCl 240 mM stress. Thus, we propose that SiNPs can be a useful biotechnological tool to palliate salinity stress in lemongrass and related crops.

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Silicon nanoparticles in higher plants: Uptake, action, stress tolerance, and crosstalk with phytohormones, antioxidants, and other signalling molecules

Cited by 74 publications

References 282 publications

Silicon Nanodots Increase Plant Resistance against Herbivores by Simultaneously Activating Physical and Chemical Defenses

Silicon Nanodots Increase Plant Resistance against Herbivores by Simultaneously Activating Physical and Chemical Defenses

Exogenous silicon promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance by enhancing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) restore photosynthesis and essential oil content by upgrading enzymatic antioxidant metabolism in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under salt stress

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