Silicon nanoparticles with UV range photoluminescence synthesized through cryomilling induced phase transformation and etching

Elangovan, Hemaprabha; Sengupta, Sanchita; Narayanan, R. Aravinda; Chattopadhyay, K.

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-05374-z

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…UV–vis spectroscopy investigating the absorbance characteristics of the immunosensor is given in Figure S1a (d). Two absorption peaks at 210 and 275 nm were observed in the UV range 100–400 nm, which corresponds to the Γ 25 → Γ 2′ and Γ 25 → Γ 15 direct transition states in the Si band structures, respectively. , This confirms the presence of silicon nanostructures in the synthesized immunosensors.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Two absorption peaks at 210 and 275 nm were observed in the UV range 100−400 nm, which corresponds to the Γ 25 → Γ 2′ and Γ 25 → Γ 15 direct transition states in the Si band structures, respectively. 20,21 This confirms the presence of silicon nanostructures in the synthesized immunosensors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed to investigate the elemental composition in immunosensors.…”

Section: Validation Of T-cellsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Molecular Crosstalk between T Cells and Tumor Uncovers GBM-Specific T Cell Signatures in Blood: Noninvasive GBM Diagnosis Using Immunosensors

et al. 2022

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive stage IV brain cancer with a poor prognosis and survival rate. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) in GBM prevents the entry and exit of biomarkers, limiting its treatment options. Hence, GBM diagnosis is pivotal for timely clinical management. Currently, there exists no clinically validated biomarker for GBM diagnosis. T cells exhibit the potential to escape a leaky BBB in GBM patients. These T cells infiltrating the GBM interact with the heterogeneous population of tumor cells, display a symbiotic interaction resulting in intertwined molecular crosstalk, and display a GBM-associated signature while entering the peripheral circulation. Therefore, we hypothesize that studying these distinct molecular changes is critical to enable T cells to be a diagnostic marker for accurate detection of GBM from patient blood. We demonstrated this by utilizing the phenotypic and immunological landscape changes in T cells associated with glioblastoma tumors. GBM exhibits a high level of heterogeneity with diverse subtypes of cells within the tumor, enabling immune infiltration and different degrees of interactions with the tumor. To accurately detect these subtle molecular differences in T cells, we designed an immunosensor with a high detection sensitivity and repeatability. Hence in this study, we investigated the characteristic behavior of T cells to establish two preclinically validated biomarkers: GBM-associated T cells (GBMAT) and GBM stem cell-associated T cells (GSCAT). A comprehensive investigation was conducted by mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vitro by coculturing T cells with cancer cells and cancer stem cells to study the distinct variation in GBMAT and GSCAT. Preclinical investigation of T cells from GBM patient blood shows similar characteristics to our established biomarkers (GBMAT, GSCAT). Further evaluating the relative attributes of T cells in patient blood and tissue biopsy confirms the infiltrating ability of T cells across the BBB. A pilot validation using a SERS-based machine learning algorithm was accomplished by training the model with GBMAT and GSCAT as diagnostic markers. Using GBMAT as a biomarker, we achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 97.4%, respectively, whereas applying GSCAT yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.7%, respectively. We also validated this diagnostic methodology by using conventional biological assays to study the change in expression levels of T cell surface markers (CD4 and CD8) and cytokine levels in T cells (IL6, IL10, TNFα, INFγ) from GBM patients. This study introduces T cells as GBM-specific immune biomarkers to diagnose GBM using patient liquid biopsy. This preclinical validation study presents a better translatability into clinical reality that will enable rapid and noninvasive glioblastoma detection from patient blood.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Validation Of T-cellsupporting

confidence: 71%

Molecular Crosstalk between T Cells and Tumor Uncovers GBM-Specific T Cell Signatures in Blood: Noninvasive GBM Diagnosis Using Immunosensors

et al. 2022

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“…Solid-phase NC materials synthesis is mainly used for metals and alloys. The commonly used method of bulk-nano structuring from the solid starting phase is mechanical alloying, cryomilling [46][47][48][49][50], HEBM [51][52][53]), and spark erosion [54][55][56]. In recent years bulk-nanostructuring using the cryomilling method got wide attention among scholars because of the energy-efficient nature compared to other NC production routes.…”

Section: Processing Of Nc Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2021

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Nanostructuring is a commonly employed method of obtaining superior mechanical properties in metals and alloys. Compared to conventional polycrystalline counterparts, nanostructuring can provide remarkable improvements in yield strength, toughness, fatigue life, corrosion resistance, and hardness, which is attributed to the nano grain size. In this review paper, the current state-of-the-art of synthesis methods of nanocrystalline (NC) materials such as rapid solidification, chemical precipitation, chemical vapor deposition, and mechanical alloying, including high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and cryomilling was elucidated. More specifically, the effect of various process parameters on mechanical properties and microstructural features were explained for a broad range of engineering materials. This study also explains the mechanism of grain strengthening using the Hall-Petch relation and illustrates the effects of post-processing on the grain size and subsequently their properties. This review also reports the applications, challenges, and future scope for the NC materials.

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“…Kumar et al were able to produce bulk quantities of NC aluminum powder with crystallite size as low as 7 nm to 10 nm [ 27 ]. Recently, cryomilling has been actively employed to produce bulk NC powders for various metals and their alloys, thus establishing it as an effective method of manufacturing bulk quantities of NC powders [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cryomilling on Crystallite Size of Aluminum Powder and Spark Plasma Sintered Component

et al. 2022

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The present investigation aims to develop nanocrystalline (NC) pure aluminum powders using cryomilling technique and manufacture bulk components using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The cryomilling was performed on pure Al powders for 2, 6, and 8 h. The cryomilled powders were then consolidated using SPS to produce bulk components. The particle morphology and crystallite size of the powders and the bulk SPS components were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the crystallite size of pure Al powders decreases with increased cryomilling time. The results also showed that the SPS at elevated temperatures resulted in a slight increase in crystallite size, however, the changes were insignificant. The mechanical properties of the bulk components were determined using a Vickers microhardness tester. The hardness of the cryomilled SPS component was determined to be three times higher than that of the unmilled SPS component. The mechanism for the reduction in crystallite size with increasing cryomilling time is discussed. This fundamental study provides an insight into the development of bulk nanomaterials with superior mechanical properties for automotive, aerospace, marine, and nuclear applications.

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Silicon nanoparticles with UV range photoluminescence synthesized through cryomilling induced phase transformation and etching

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Molecular Crosstalk between T Cells and Tumor Uncovers GBM-Specific T Cell Signatures in Blood: Noninvasive GBM Diagnosis Using Immunosensors

Molecular Crosstalk between T Cells and Tumor Uncovers GBM-Specific T Cell Signatures in Blood: Noninvasive GBM Diagnosis Using Immunosensors

Nanocrystalline Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Influence of Cryomilling on Crystallite Size of Aluminum Powder and Spark Plasma Sintered Component

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